Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 15 - 400 m (Ref. 6763). Subtropical; 62°N - 16°N, 19°W - 37°E
Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 15.8, range 17 - 18 cm
Max length : 56.4 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 86700); common length : 22.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3397); publicerad maxvikt: 940.00 g (Ref. 40637)
The shoulder spines can inflict, painful stings. Usually found buried in the sand or mud. Equipped with an acoustic apparatus that generates both acoustic and electric pulses. Electric discharge activity shows two temporal patterns: 1) reflexive discharges of short duration (milliseconds), elicited by mechanical stimulation, and 2) those of much longer duration (several seconds) observed only during the summer spawning period (Ref. 10011). Low-frequency spontaneous discharge activity (5-10 Hz), with a sexual dimorphism in discharge amplitude is also said to exist. This species suggestively represents a transitional form in the evolution of electric organs in fishes (Ref. 10577). Oviparous, eggs, larvae and juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 6763). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9987).
Roux, C., 1990. Uranoscopidae. p. 897-898. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7366)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; sportfisk: ja
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 11.2 - 17, mean 14.2 °C (based on 228 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00969 - 0.01424), b=3.06 (3.00 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.70 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 7.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (tm=2; K=0.1-0.2).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 69.2 [40.3, 127.0] mg/100g; Iron = 1.04 [0.66, 1.74] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.445 [0.303, 0.666] g/100g; Selenium = 30.9 [15.8, 60.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 26.2 [9.2, 80.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.603 [0.430, 0.869] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.