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> Argentiniformes (Marine smelts) > Microstomatidae (Pencil smelts)
Etymology: Microstoma: Greek, mikros = small + Greek,stoma = mouth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Risso.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

laut batipelagis. Deep-water; 55°N - 49°S, 180°W - 180°E

Penyebaran Negara-negara | Daerah-daerah FAO | Ecosystems | Kemunculan | Point map | Introduksi | Faunafri

Probably worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas. Eastern Atlantic: southern Ireland, scattered records in western Mediterranean, also Madeira Islands. Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 27768). Western Pacific: Australia (Ref. 7300) and New Zealand (Ref. 5755).

Size / Weight / umur

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3978)

deskripsi pendek Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik

Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10 - 12; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 7 - 9; vertebrata, bertulang belakang: 44 - 45. Body silvery, darker near tail (Ref. 3978). Swim bladder faintly colored. Adults mostly silver (Ref. 37473).

Mesopelagic species (Ref. 3978, 58302). Generally solitary. Probably feeds on zooplankton. Spawns throughout the year in the Mediterranean, more in winter.

Life cycle and mating behavior Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva

rujukan utama Upload your references | Acuan | Koordinator | mitra

Cohen, D.M., 1984. Argentinidae (including Microstomatidae). p. 386-391. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Volume 1. Unesco, Paris. (Ref. 4773)

Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

kurang bimbang (LC) ; Date assessed: 10 July 2014

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

ancaman kepada manusia

Harmless

penggunaan manusia

Perikanan: tidak ada kepentingan

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Sumber internet

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 8.8 - 19.6, mean 13.4 °C (based on 608 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).

Microstoma microstoma (Risso, 1810)