分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Labridae (Wrasses)
隆頭魚科 (Wrasses)
Etymology: Symphodus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 1 - 50 m (Ref. 121253). 亞熱帶的; 47°N - 21°N, 11°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Spain to Morocco including the Mediterranean and Black Sea.
東大西洋: 西班牙到摩洛哥包括地中海與黑海。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 11.7, range 12 - 15.2 cm
Max length : 44.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大年齡: 15 年 (Ref. 4742)
背棘 (總數) : 15; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 12.
Adults are found near rocks mainly in eel-grass beds, sometimes in salty lagoons. Often gregarious. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Nest of seaweed built and kept by male with one or more females spawning. Feed on sea urchins, ophiuroids, bivalves, shrimps and crabs (Ref. 4742). Rate of growth is slow (Ref. 4742). Undergoes sex reversal (Ref. 4742).
在岩石的附近被發現的沿海地區主要在鰻草床, 有時在鹹的潟湖中。 時常群居的。 建造而且保持的海草的巢被雄魚有產卵的一個或多個雌性。 吃海膽，陽燧足，二枚貝，蝦與螃蟹。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 205). One male makes a nest of seaweed for one or more females to spawn in (Ref. 4742). Undergoes sex reversal (Ref. 4742).東大西洋: 西班牙到摩洛哥包括地中海與黑海。
Quignard, J.-P. and A. Pras, 1986. Labridae. p. 919-942. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 4742)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.3 - 21.4, mean 18.9 °C (based on 116 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00783 - 0.01112), b=3.04 (3.00 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.25-0.89(?); tm=2-3; tmax=15).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.3 [12.3, 58.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.547 [0.298, 1.074] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [16.6, 21.7] %; Omega3 = 0.22 [0.13, 0.38] g/100g; Selenium = 14.8 [7.1, 28.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 50.1 [14.3, 214.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.02 [0.67, 1.79] mg/100g (wet weight);
