Ambiente: milieu / zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / gama de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas; Água doce; estuarina pelagic-neritic; intervalo de profundidade 0 - 35 m (Ref. 86940). Tropical; 17°N - 7°S, 17°W - 14°E (Ref. 54448)
Africa: Atlantic coasts from northern parts of Senegal south to Baie de Saint-Bras in Angola (Ref. 188, 3509), also in lagoons and river estuaries (Ref. 188, 81270).
Comprimento na primeira maturidade / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm 13.0, range 13 - 18 cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 27000); common length : 16.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 188); peso máx. Publicado: 144.00 g (Ref. 86940)
Descrição breve
Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 14 - 17; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais moles: 45 - 50; Vértebras: 42 - 43. Diagnosis: Body moderately deep, compressed, belly with a sharp and serrated keel of scutes from gill opening to anus, 25-27 pre-pelvic and 6-8 post-pelvic sharp scutes (Ref. 187, 188, 81270). Eye large, mouth pointing upwards, lower jaw projecting (Ref. 187, 188). Dorsal fin at or before midpoint of body; anal fin long, with more than 40 finrays, its origin below dorsal fin base; pelvic fins small (Ref. 187, 188). Swimbladder with two short tubes passing back in the muscles on either side of haemal spines (Ref. 188). Other clupeoid fishes in the area are more slender, have a much shorter anal fin and the lower jaw is not strongly projecting (Ref. 188).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Found in the marine environment, pelagic, along beaches and just off shore, down to about 25 m, also in lagoons and estuaries, penetrating into almost freshwater (Ref. 187, 188, 54448). A marine migrant (Ref. 117399). Rarely found below 35 m depth (Ref. 86940). It feeds on small planktonic animals, e.g. small fish and crustaceans; it doesn't seem to feed on plankton (Ref. 188, 3166, 47405).
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: espécies comerciais
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Temperatura preferida (Ref.
123201): 25.9 - 28, mean 27.5 °C (based on 160 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00558 - 0.00819), b=3.01 (2.96 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (K=0.8-1.3).
Prior r = 1.19, 95% CL = 0.79 - 1.79, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
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Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 206 [110, 411] mg/100g; Iron = 2.01 [1.19, 3.28] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.0, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.397 [0.206, 0.739] g/100g; Selenium = 44.4 [20.6, 85.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.2 [8.0, 49.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.52 [1.07, 2.15] mg/100g (wet weight);