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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.
Окружающая среда: среда / климатическая зона / пределы глубины / диапазон распространения
экология
морской; пресноводный; солоноватоводный pelagic-neritic; анадромный (Ref. 138280). Temperate; 46°N - 25°N, 82°W - 66°W (Ref. 117467)
Western Atlantic: along the coast from Maine to the St. John's River, Florida, USA (Ref. 188). Possibly in Campobello Island, New New Brunswick, Canada (Ref. 86798).
Длина при первой зрелости / Размер / Вес / Возраст
половая зрелость: Lm 32.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm SL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 188); common length : 34.0 cm SL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 188)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 15 - 20; колючие лучи анального плавника: 0; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 19 - 23; позвонки: 53 - 55. Belly with distinct keel of scutes. Lower jaw very prominent, but not rising steeply within mouth; teeth reduced or in upper jaw absent in fishes over 23 cm standard length. A dark spot on shoulder, several obscure dark spots along flank (sometimes missing). Closely resembles A. chrysochloris which has stronger jaw teeth, no shoulder spot and the body depth less than head length (Ref. 188). Silvery, with a dark grayish green back (Ref. 7251).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
In freshwater habitat, this species occurs in open water of large rivers (Ref. 86798). Schools of adults are found in marine waters, along the coast; also estuaries, tidal rivers and tributaries during late spring and early summer (Ref. 4639). Juveniles tend to leave nursery areas during summer (Ref. 4639). Adults feed on small fishes, also squid, small crabs and other crustaceans, as well as fish eggs. Spawning occurs in tidal freshwater (Patuxent River, Chesapeake Bay in May) (Ref. 188), and return to the sea shortly after (Ref. 4639). Parasites found are nematodes, cestodes and trematodes (Ref. 37032).
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; объект спортивного рыболовства: да
дополнительная информация
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Оценки, основанные на моделях
Предпочтительная температура (ссылка
123201): 8.4 - 25.5, mean 14 °C (based on 238 cells).
Индекс филогенетического разнообразия (ссылка
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00338 - 0.01484), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Трофический уровень (ссылка
69278): 4.1 ±0.58 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (ссылка
120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (K=0.3).
Уязвимость рыбной ловли (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
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Климатическая уязвимость (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (55 of 100).
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Питательные вещества (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.5 [5.3, 62.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.599 [0.251, 1.331] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.0, 22.3] %; Omega3 = 1.42 [0.75, 2.70] g/100g; Selenium = 12.1 [5.9, 24.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.4 [5.1, 78.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.266 [0.167, 0.456] mg/100g (wet weight);