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Alosa caspia
Photo von FAO
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Photo von FAO
Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet Ökologie
seewasser; süßwasser; brackwasser pelagic-neritic; anadrom (Ref. 138126). Temperate; 48°N - 37°N, 27°E - 54°E
Verbreitung Territorien | FAO Gebiete | Ökosysteme | Vorkommen | Punkt Karte | Einführungen | Faunafri
Eurasia: Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Caspian Sea.
Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 593); common length : 20.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 188); max. veröff. Gewicht: 250.00 g (Ref. 593); max. veröff. Alter: 7 Jahre (Ref. 10549)
Max length : 32.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 593); common length : 20.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 188); max. veröff. Gewicht: 250.00 g (Ref. 593); max. veröff. Alter: 7 Jahre (Ref. 10549)
Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Afterflossenstacheln: 0. Body `shad-like', usually rather deep and compressed. Total gill rakers 50 to 180, long and thin, distinctly longer than filaments. Teeth poorly developed in jaws, sometimes barely detectable. A black spot posterior to gill opening and occasionally further black spots on flank in some cases.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Schooling and migratory (Ref. 188); at sea, pelagic in coastal waters with steady current and avoids areas with stable salinity; migrates from sea to mouth of large rives and spawns in fresh- or slightly brackish-water at shallow sites washed by flow of large rivers. Males migrate upriver at 2-3 years, females at 4-5; many individuals reproduce 2-4 seasons. Two migration peaks, one in late April (mostly males), one in early May (mostly females), entering rivers when temperature rises above 10°C. Spawns when temperature is at least 15°C, in May to June. Spawning usually occurs in the upper 3 m. Eggs semi-pelagic and demersal. Spent fish migrate back to the sea; juveniles migrate to sea during first summer, remaining there until they mature. Feeds mainly on zooplankton (copepods and mysids) when at sea (Ref. 59043). Depending on the subspecies (10 subspecies known), some are semi-anadromous and spawn in fresh or slightly saline waters, mainly in the lower reaches, whereas others are practically marine and spawn in brackish or even fully saline oceanic waters. One of the most warm-loving Alosa of the Caspian. Only A. a. caspia of the Caspian Sea is of commercial importance (Ref. 188).
Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven
Depending on the subspecies some are semi-anadromous and spawn in fresh or slightly saline waters, mainly in the lower reaches, whereas others are practically marine and spawn in brackish or even fully saline oceanic waters (Ref.188).There are two migration peaks, one in late April (mostly males) and one in early May (mostly females). Spent fish migrate back to sea. Juveniles migrate to sea during first summer, remaining at sea until they mature (Ref. 59043).
Hauptreferenz
Laden Sie Ihre Referenzen hoch | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 June 2022
CITES
Not Evaluated
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: hoch kommerziell
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Briefmarken, Münzen, Verschiedenes.
Aquakultur-Systeme
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Zuchtlinien
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Briefmarken, Münzen, Verschiedenes.
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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00574 - 0.00834), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (tmax=7).
Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 16.7 [7.1, 87.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.673 [0.290, 1.421] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [16.5, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 1.43 [0.76, 2.77] g/100g; Selenium = 10.4 [5.1, 20.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.1 [7.3, 113.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.372 [0.231, 0.630] mg/100g (wet weight);