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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Vladimir Konstantinovich Bražnikov (or Braschnikow) (1870–1921) was a Russian zoologist, ichthyologist and entomologist with an interest in Diptera who lived in Tokyo for many years. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Borodin.
Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied
Ecologie
; brak water pelagisch; oceanodroom. Temperate; 48°N - 35°N, 45°E - 56°E (Ref. 188)
Former USSR and Asia: Caspian Sea.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm ?, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 188); common length : 30.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 188)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Anale stekels: 0. Body fairly elongate, more `herring-like' than `shad-like'. gill rakers thick and coarse, shorter, equal to or a little longer than gill filaments, either straight or curved, pointed or blunt, occasionally even bifurcated at tips. Teeth well developed in both jaws. Other Caspian shads have deeper, more shad-like bodies.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Occurs in brackish water and non-anadromous, but strongly migratory. Feeds on small clupeids, gobies, atherines, also crustaceans and occasionally insects and mollusks. Spawning patterns among the subspecies vary but occur mostly in spring and summer after an inshore migration and movement northward.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Various spawning patterns among the subspecies (mostly in spring and summer after an inshore migration and movement northward).
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van groot commercieel belang
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Schattingen op basis van modellen
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00472 - 0.01062), b=3.04 (2.92 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
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