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Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814)

Blueback shad
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Alosa aestivalis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Alosa aestivalis (Blueback shad)
Alosa aestivalis
Picture by Flescher, D.

分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Mitchill.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の; 昇流魚 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 5 - 55 m (Ref. 5951). Subtropical; 47°N - 27°N, 84°W - 60°W (Ref. 117456)

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Western Atlantic: Cape Breton, Nova Scotia south to the St. John's River, Florida; also in lower parts of rivers (Ref. 188). Introduced in reservoirs in several states, and in the upper Tennessee River system in Tennessee, USA (Ref. 117456, 86798).

サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 7251); common length : 27.5 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 188); 最大公表体重: 200.00 g (Ref. 7251); 最大記録サイズ: 8 年 (Ref. 12193)

簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計) : 0; 背鰭 (合計) : 15 - 20; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 15 - 21; 脊つい: 47 - 53. Moderately compressed, belly with distinct keel of scutes. Upper jaw with a distinct notch; lower jaw rising steeply within mouth; minute teeth present at front of jaws (disappearing with age). Lower gill rakers 41 to 52 (fewer in fishes under 10 cm standard length), slender. Back dark blue, sometimes bluish-grey; a dark spot on shoulder (Ref. 188). Peritoneum black (Ref. 7251). Branchiostegal rays 7 (Ref. 4639).

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Inhabits rivers, estuaries, coastal waters, lakes and reservoirs (Ref. 117456). Adults are found in saltwater except during the spawning season and occur up to at least 200 km offshore (Ref. 117456). Forms schools and possibly wintering near the bottom and out from the coast, approaching the shore in the late spring. Feeds on small fishes, copepods and small shrimps. Spawns in brackish- or freshwaters of rivers, arriving in coastal waters a month or so later than A. pseudoharengus (in April at Chesapeake Bay, apparently when the water is above 7.0° C and later further north). Eggs are essentially pelagic, demersal in still water (Ref. 4639). Larvae are found in fresh and brackish rivers (Ref. 4639). Juveniles leave fresh and brackish nursery grounds at about 5 cm, migrating downstream (Ref. 4639). In freshwater habitat, this species usually occurs in current over rocky bottom (Ref. 86798). Marketed mostly fresh and salted (Ref. 188). Parasites found are acanthocephalan and nematodes (Ref. 37032).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

Upriver movement to spawning areas occur in late afternoon or at night (Ref. 4639).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  攻撃されやすい (VU) (A2b); Date assessed: 13 October 2011

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Harmless





Human uses

水産業: 商業
FAO - 水産業: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | 私達の周りの海

より多くの情報

Trophic ecology
食品種目概要について
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
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捕食動物
Ecology
生態学
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
体長組成
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
繁殖
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
幼生
幼生の動力
Anatomy
Gill areas

Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
水泳形態
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
魚の音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
遺伝子の
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
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インターネットの情報源

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: 部類, | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - 水産業: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: ゲノム, ヌクレオチド | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | OceanAdapt | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | 生命の木 | Wikipedia: 行く, 検索する | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物に関する記録

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 11.5 - 24.7, mean 23.7 °C (based on 86 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00370 - 0.01703), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  3.8   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  手段, 1.4年~4.4年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.18; tm=4; Fec=45,800).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Low.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 28.1 [13.7, 137.6] mg/100g; Iron = 1.47 [0.63, 3.85] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [17.4, 22.6] %; Omega3 = 0.744 [0.386, 1.503] g/100g; Selenium = 18 [9, 36] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.7 [4.7, 78.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.505 [0.325, 0.920] mg/100g (wet weight);