分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Escualosa: Latin, squaleus, squalidus = with rough skin + Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188). 熱帶; 27°N - 22°S, 64°E - 151°E (Ref. 188)
Indo-West Pacific: northern Indian Ocean (Karachi eastward to Rangoon) to Thailand, Indonesia (Java Sea), the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Australia.
印度-太平洋: 印度洋北部 (喀拉蚩向東至仰光) ，印尼 (爪哇海), 菲律賓向南至巴布亞新幾內亞，澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 7 - ? cm
Max length : 10.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); common length : 8.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 188); 最大年齡: 1.00 年 (Ref. 43081)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 13 - 21; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 19. Belly strongly keeled. The almost rectangular second supra-maxilla and the bright silver stripe along the flank distinguish it from juveniles of Sardinella, Amblygaster and Herklotsichthys. Resembles some pellonulines with a silver stripe, but they lack a first supra-maxilla. Distinguished from E. elongata of the Gulf of Thailand but its deeper body and broader silver stripe.
腹面有明顯的龍骨。 幾乎矩形的第二個上顎骨與亮銀色斑紋沿著側面區別它和 沙丁魚， Amblygaster 與 Herklotsichthys 的稚魚. 與一些 pellonulines 具有一個銀色的斑紋，但是他們缺乏一個第一個上顎骨相似。 與泰國灣的 E. elongata 區分了但是它的比較深身體與比較寬的銀色斑紋。
Forms schools in shallow waters, the juveniles apparently entering the lower parts of rivers, but returning later to the sea. Feeds on both zooplankton (copepods, crab zoea, larvae of bivalves and fish eggs) and phytoplankton. Breeds from October to February (mainly November to January) off western coast of India, usually in relatively shallow inshore waters. Marketed fresh and dried-salted.
形成魚群在淺水區中, 稚魚顯然地進入河的下面部份, 但是返回較遲的到海洋。 吃浮游動物 (橈腳類的動物，螃蟹海蟹幼蟲，二枚貝幼生與魚卵) 和浮游植物。 來自十月到二月 (主要地十一月到一月) 的繁殖印度的外海西岸, 通常在相當淺的近岸水域。 在市場上銷售生鮮或乾漬了。
印度-太平洋: 印度洋北部 (喀拉蚩向東至仰光) ，印尼 (爪哇海), 菲律賓向南至巴布亞新幾內亞，澳洲。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 February 2017
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.7 - 29.1, mean 28.4 °C (based on 1160 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00514 - 0.01173), b=3.05 (2.93 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 0.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=1.82; Fec=7,720; tmax=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 479 [229, 1,053] mg/100g; Iron = 3.32 [1.94, 5.79] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.7, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.471 [0.232, 0.956] g/100g; Selenium = 49 [22, 104] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.9 [9.6, 55.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.6 [1.7, 4.0] mg/100g (wet weight);
