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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Harengula: Old English haring, hering = mackerel, the fish Clupea harengus (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Poey.
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich ? - 22 m (Ref. 26912), usually 1 - 5 m (Ref. 40849). Tropical; 43°N - 37°S, 99°W - 33°W (Ref. 188)
Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA and Bermuda southward to Florida (USA), Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, and southern Brazil. Often confused with Harengula clupeola with which it co-occurs over most of its range.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 8.1, range 8 - 8.5 cm
Max length : 21.2 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217); common length : 12.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 188); max. veröff. Alter: 3.00 Jahre (Ref. 12193)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 13 - 21; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 12 - 23. Tooth plate on tongue and tooth plate behind it (basihyal and basibranchial tooth plates) very broad, their width about 3 to 5 times in their combined length, the basihyal tooth plate with a very distinct bulge in front (Ref. 188). Scales fairly strongly attached, not easily lost (Ref. 188). No dark pigment on dorsal fin tip (Ref. 188). No orange or red spot at opercle. Belly deep, lower profile decidedly more curved than the flattened upper profile (Ref. 7251).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Occurs in coastal waters, over mud sand bottoms and frequently near brackish or hyper-saline estuaries (Ref. 5217). Forms schools. Marketed fresh or canned.
Juveniles of 2.9 to 4.4 cm SL appeared in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, in May and migrated out in December or March at 7.5 to 8.0 cm.
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: weniger kommerziell
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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref.
123201): 23.2 - 28.1, mean 27.1 °C (based on 872 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00759 - 0.01000), b=3.07 (3.03 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.48-0.60; tmax=3; Fec=5,000).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
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Nährstoffe (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 86.2 [44.5, 151.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.898 [0.473, 1.548] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.2, 20.7] %; Omega3 = 0.231 [0.131, 0.402] g/100g; Selenium = 25.5 [13.4, 49.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 123 [40, 348] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.56 [1.06, 2.25] mg/100g (wet weight);