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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)
Etymology: Sprattus: Old German, sprotte (1611) = a small fish, Clupea sp. (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Baron Dr Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Müller (1825–1896) was a German-born Australian botanist, geographer, explorer, physician, and naturalist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Klunzinger.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino; distribuzione batimetrica 28 - 110 m (Ref. 58489). Subtropical; 33°S - 51°S, 165°E - 180°E (Ref. 188)
Southwest Pacific: New Zealand.
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 13.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 188); common length : 10.0 cm SL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 188)
Short description
Chiavi di identificazione | Morfologia | Morfometria
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 13 - 21; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 12 - 23; Vertebre: 43 - 47. Gill cover without bony radiating striae; tooth plate on tongue narrow, pointed at each end, its width about 4 or 5 times in length, lateral teeth moderate; scales without fine striae on exposed posterior part; back green-gray when fresh. Pterotic bulla absent. Last two anal rays normal.
A schooling species found in coastal waters, from beaches down to 110 m or more. Has an apparently long spawning season (July to January) around the South Island, but not a fractional spawner. Eggs are present in mid-summer near Clutha River mouth (but samples may have included S. antipodum). More data needed.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Eggs present in mid-summer near Clutha River mouth (but samples may also have included S. antipodum).
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: pesca di sussistenza
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10 - 16.6, mean 14.3 °C (based on 29 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00339 - 0.01349), b=3.13 (2.95 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilienza (Ref.
120179): Alto, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione meno di 15 mesi (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
