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Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)
Etymology: Sprattus: Old German, sprotte (1611) = a small fish, Clupea sp. (Ref. 45335).
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser pelagic-neritic; tiefenbereich 0 - 72 m (Ref. 58489). Subtropical; 37°S - 48°S, 166°E - 180°E (Ref. 188)
Southwest Pacific: New Zealand.
Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 188); common length : 9.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 188)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 13 - 21; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 12 - 23; Wirbelzahl: 48 - 51. Upper jaw rounded and not notched on frontal view. Gill cover without bony radiating striae; tooth plate on tongue broad, almost oval, width about 3 times in length, lateral teeth strong; scales with fine radiating or horizontal striae on exposed posterior part; back steel blue when fresh. Pterotic bulla absent. Last two anal rays normal.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
A schooling species in coastal waters. The biology probably resembles that of S. muelleri from which it has not usually been distinguished in earlier studies. Tends to occur in the bottom or midwater except during summer when surface shoals may appear; extends to deeper water in summer and retreats to close inshore for spawning during winter (Ref. 9258). Reported from surface (Ref. 188) to 72 m (Ref. 58489).
Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kleinfischerei; Köder: occasionally
Tools
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Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref.
123201): 10.9 - 18.2, mean 16.1 °C (based on 38 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00331 - 0.01379), b=3.13 (2.95 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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