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> Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Thunnus: Greek, thynnos = tunna (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Temminck & Schlegel.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologia

marinhas; estuarina; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 1 - 550 m (Ref. 58302). Subtropical; 61°N - 52°S, 99°E - 70°W

Distribuição Países | Áreas FAO | Ecossistemas | Ocorrências | Point map | Introduções | Faunafri

North Pacific: Gulf of Alaska to southern California and Baja California and from Sakhalin Island in the southern Sea of Okhotsk south to northern Philippines. There are four substantiated records of this subspecies in the southern hemisphere: off Western Australia, southeast Pacific (37°11'S, 114°41'W) and Gulf of Papua (Ref. 10997). The species occurs mainly in the northern Pacific but ventures into New Zealand waters for at least three months during spring and early summer (Ref. 83312).

Tamanho / Peso / Idade

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 300 cm FL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9340); common length : 200 cm FL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9340); peso máx. Publicado: 450.0 kg (Ref. 47525); Idade máx. registada: 15 anos (Ref. 83312)

Descrição breve Chaves de identificação | Morfologia | Morfometria

Mean number of gill rakers 35.9. First ventrally directed parapophysis on vertebra number 8. Dorsal wall of body cavity has a narrow bulge with lateral concavity and wide lateral trough. Caudal keels dark.

Epipelagic, usually oceanic, but seasonally coming close to shore (Ref. 168). Tolerates ample temperature intervals (Ref. 168). Forms schools by size, sometimes with other scombrids (Ref. 168). Migrates between June and September in a northward direction along the coast of Baja California, Mexico and California (Ref. 168). A voracious predator that feeds on a wide variety of small schooling fishes and squids, also on crabs crabs and to a lesser degree on sessile organisms (Ref. 168). Marketed fresh and frozen.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas

Referência principal Upload your references | Referências | Coordenador : Collette, Bruce B. | Colaboradores

Collette, B.B., 1995. Scombridae. Atunes, bacoretas, bonitos, caballas, estorninos, melva, etc. p. 1521-1543. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9340)

Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Quase ameaçada (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 15 January 2021

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Ameaça para o homem

Harmless

Utilização humana

Pescarias: altamente comercial; Aquacultura: espécies comerciais; peixe desportivo: sim

FAO - Aquaculture systems: produção; pescarias: landings; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.9 - 28.1, mean 24.3 °C (based on 983 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.00638 - 0.02986), b=3.03 (2.86 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278): 4.5 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Generation time: 10.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

Resiliência (Ref. 120179): Médio, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (tm=3-5; tmax=15; K=0.1-0.2).

Prior r = 0.25, 95% CL = 0.17 - 0.38, Based on 3 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (76 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).

Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 18.3 [10.0, 32.3] mg/100g; Iron = 2.32 [0.96, 5.79] mg/100g; Protein = 24.2 [22.7, 25.5] %; Omega3 = 0.403 [0.246, 0.662] g/100g; Selenium = 42.6 [16.1, 118.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 21.5 [2.9, 199.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.355 [0.211, 0.717] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)