分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Oreochromis: Latin, aurum = gold + Greek, chromis = a fish, perhaps a perch (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性. 熱帶
Africa: Pangani River in Kenya and Tanzania (Ref. 2, 52331, 118630), from Lake Jipe down to the Pangani Falls dam (Ref. 118638). Introduced in ponds at Korogwe (Ref. 2), thence distributed to several ponds and dams in Tanzania (Ref. 2, 54836), including near Tanga (Ref. 2), in the Usambara Mountains (Ref. 2), in Lake Singida (Ref. 2, 54836), and in dams near Dodoma (Ref. 54836).
非洲: 湖 Jipe 與 Pangani 河.(肯亞-坦尚尼亞)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 20 - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2)
背棘 (總數) : 17 - 19; 背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 13; 臀棘: 3 - 4; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 12; 脊椎骨: 32 - 33. Diagnosis: A large bodied tilapia, with a slender body and small head and mouth; body depth 2.5-2.8 times in standard length (Ref. 4967, 118638). It can be distinguished by following characters: teeth of jaws with slender shafts in young, uniformly slender in adults; pharyngeal teeth very fine and crowded; dentigerous area with rounded lobes and short apex, its median length nearly always less than that of the blade; pectoral fin 34.3-41.2% of standard length, reaching base of anal fin; anal spines III-V (Ref. 2, 55060). Males and females are characterised by rows of blotched scales across the flanks; males have a pale blue head with dark spots, dark fins with pale spots, and orange margins to the dorsal and caudal; females and non-territorial males plainer and typically paler, and in some populations there is a more olive/yellow gular and ventral region (Ref. 118638). Caudal fin long with very definite vertical black or dark brown stripes (Ref. 55060).
鑑別: 體高 2.5-2.8 標準體長比率.(參考文獻 4967,55060) 嘴不明顯的大.(參考文獻 54836) 齒頜部有細長的軸當幼魚時, 均勻細長當成魚時.(參考文獻 2) 咽齒非常細的而且擁擠.(參考文獻 2,55060) 低咽的頜的有齒區域幾乎總是有圓的葉與短尖頂，它的平均長度少於葉片的。 (參考文獻 2) 胸鰭 34.3-42.2% SL(參考文獻 2,55060), 很少地在 36% SL(參考文獻 2) 之下, 達到臀鰭起點.(參考文獻 4967,55060) 大部份有四個臀鰭硬棘, 有時 3(參考文獻 2,54836), 很少地 5.(參考文獻 2) 鱗片有黑的中心與金黃色的邊緣。 (參考文獻 2) 尾鰭有黑的垂直斑紋。 (參考文獻 2,54836,55060)
描述: 嘴小的; 顎不增大; 頜齒非常細長的, 在 5-7 系列中當成魚時.(參考文獻 2) 在頰部上的 2 列鱗片.(參考文獻 2,55060) 在胸上的鱗片非常小的; 在腹面上的鱗片的中動脈列與三在它的兩邊上顯著地比側面鱗片更小.(參考文獻 2) 半路地延伸的背鰭沿著尾鰭; 沒有生殖的流蘇.(參考文獻 55060)
體色 非繁殖魚: 淡灰色或灰色的-沿著背面與側邊 (參考文獻 2,55060) 綠色的有很多的深褐色或者黑色的斑點, 每個在一個鱗片上, 但是不規則大小與形狀 , 與一些鱗片無標記的.(參考文獻 2) 腹面淡灰色的.(參考文獻 55060) 在身體上的 7- 的模糊的特徵 9個縱帶.(參考文獻 2,55060) 側面中央的縱向條紋通常斑點的強調的組版; 腹面的鱗片灰白的有深色的邊緣; 斑點在頂端與頭側上延伸到改變程度, 時常強勁地在當時的側線孔.(參考文獻 2) 背鰭與臀鰭灰色的.(參考文獻 55060) 在硬棘的部分上的背鰭有深色斑點或網狀質, 在軟棘的部位上的斜紋; 臀鰭在後部地條紋。 (參考文獻 2) 尾鰭有縱帶 (參考文獻 2,4967,54836,55060), 有時變成不規則或末梢部地褪色出.(參考文獻 2) 胸鰭沒有顏色; 腹鰭在較大的魚中變得比較黑的.(參考文獻 55060) 成熟的雄魚: 在身體，頰與鰓蓋上的綠色或紫色的光輝 (參考文獻 2,55060).(參考文獻 2) 上緣鮮橘色的; 尾部的邊緣深紅色; 腹鰭與時常臀鰭的邊緣藍綠色的.(參考文獻 2,55060) 可能有黃斑背部的之上與臀鰭 , 與尾鰭邊緣黃色到橘色的; 在側面上的黑的雜斑更密集在侵略性的時候或追求行為; 深色斑點伴隨著金黃色的斑點了活著時。 (參考文獻 2) 幼魚: 用橄欖色-呈綠色的身體有 10-14個細的垂直深褐色的斑紋伸展作業向上到 8 公分從背部的對腹面; 臀鰭的尾部而後部末端有斑紋的當當成魚時; 顯著黑色的 吳郭魚 -在一個清澈的背景從最後的背棘到延伸第三或第四個軟的鰭條上的標誌, 而且在後部的背鰭末端上跟隨著 3條明確的黑色橫帶.(參考文獻 55060)
Found in lakes and rivers (Ref. 4967). Chiefly a browser of periphyton in the lake, but additionally feeding also on bottom deposits and associated phytobenthos (Ref. 30832). A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 54046, 55060, 118638). Occasionally territorial (Ref. 2). It supports artisanal fisheries in lakes and dams across the Pangani catchment, with the largest fisheries in Lake Jipe and Nyumba ya Mungu (Ref. 118638). IUCN conservation status is critically endangered due to its restricted range and evidence of declining stocks between the 1970s and 2000 (Ref. 118638).
棲息於湖。 (參考文獻 4967) 偶然具有領域性.(參考文獻 2) 固著生物吃草動物, 附加地吃底部沈積層與相連的浮游植物。 (參考文獻 30832) 母親的口孵者.(參考文獻 54046,55060)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
A maternal mouthbrooder (Ref. 54046, 55060, 118638). Breeding pits consist of a central pit surrounded by two or three series of smaller pits (Ref. 2, 55060).非洲: 湖 Jipe 與 Pangani 河.(肯亞-坦尚尼亞)
Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (B1ab(i,ii,iii)); Date assessed: 23 June 2022
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 實驗的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.00827 - 0.04391), b=3.01 (2.82 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
