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Spicara nigricauda (Norman, 1931)

Blacktail picarel
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Spicara nigricauda   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Spicara nigricauda (Blacktail picarel)
Spicara nigricauda
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分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Spicara: Latin, spicare = furnished with spike (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Norman.

Issue
Placement in Sparidae from Centracanthidae from Santini et al. (2014:Ref. 95347). Suggestion already made in Garrido-Ramos et al. 1995; Hanel & Sturmbauer 2000; Summerer et al. 2001; Orrell et al. 2002; Orrell & Carpenter 2004; Chiba et al. 2009; Hanel & Tsigenopoulos 2011.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

海; 深さの範囲 50 - 100 m (Ref. 2683). Tropical

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Eastern Atlantic: Ghana to Angola (Mullet Bay and Bay of Elephants). Not reported elsewhere.

サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 2683)

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Found over the continental shelf (Ref. 2683).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

Heemstra, P.C., 1990. Centracanthidae. p. 768-772. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7349)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  軽度懸念 (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 March 2011

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Harmless





Human uses

水産業: 少数商業の
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.2 - 20.1, mean 19.5 °C (based on 5 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5039   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02089 (0.00974 - 0.04480), b=2.97 (2.80 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  3.4   ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Medium.