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Carangiformes (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي pelagic-neritic; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 54256), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 54256). Subtropical; 67°N - 38°S, 26°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway to Cape of Good Hope, South Africa to southwestern Indian Ocean (South Africa to southern Mozambique), and Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea.
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm 22.9, range 21 - 30 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3197); common length : 22.0 cm FL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3397); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 2.0 kg (Ref. 27584)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 9; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 30 - 36; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 24 - 32. Bluish green, grey or black above, silvery white below; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). Lateral scales tall and keeled. Gill cover with a distinct black spot. First dorsal fin tall (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults form large schools in coastal areas with sandy substrate. They feed on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Females lay 140,000 eggs, which hatch into 5mm long larvae (Ref. 35388). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Divided into two stocks: West stock and North Sea stock. West stock spawns in a belt from the Biscay to Ireland in early spring, migrates north and eastwards to southern Norway and northern North Sea. North Sea stock spawns in the southern North Sea in summer, migrates to central North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat.
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: با ارزش تجاري بالا; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله; طعمه: usually
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
دمای ترجیحی (مرجع
123201): 10.6 - 16.6, mean 13.3 °C (based on 165 cells).
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00745 - 0.00886), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
سطح تروفیک (مرجع
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.5 (5.1 - 7.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25
growth studies.
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.18; tm=2-4; tmax=11).
Prior r = 0.39, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.58, Based on 13 full stock assessments.
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
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آسیبپذیری اقلیمی (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
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مواد مغذی (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 184 [129, 263] mg/100g; Iron = 3.67 [2.45, 5.60] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.8, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.355 [0.260, 0.479] g/100g; Selenium = 33.4 [24.6, 45.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.5 [4.0, 54.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.66 [1.34, 2.16] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.