Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Écologie
marin; saumâtre démersal. Tropical; 24°N -
Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Peru.
Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.6 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 86329); common length : 30.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 55763); poids max. publié: 3.3 kg (Ref. 124487)
Description synthétique
Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie
Body robust and depressed; snout prominent; mouth large; eyes medium sized (5.8 to 8.5 times in head length); cephalic plate granulated; with striations extending to the inter-orbital space; jaw teeth small, set in broad bands; palate with four plates of villiform teeth, the lateral ones being larger, triangular, and extended backwards; lower branch of the first gill arch with 7 to 10 gill rakers (Ref. 55763).
Found in coastal waters (Ref. 9271). Possibly restricted to marine environments (Ref. 39852). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9271).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves
Kailola, P.J. and W.A. Bussing, 1995. Ariidae. Bagres marinos. p. 860-886. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9271)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Menace pour l'homme
Traumatogenic (Ref. 58010)
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial
Outils
Articles particuliers
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Sources Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.6 - 28.6, mean 27 °C (based on 38 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00405 - 0.01239), b=3.08 (2.93 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Résilience (Ref.
120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (K=0.20).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).