Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة القاع. Tropical; 8°N - 2°S
Central and South America: fresh and brackish water along Pacific side from Panama to Ecuador.
الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9271); common length : 50.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 55763)
Body elongate, not very robust; nostrils connected through the snout by a narrow flap of skin; eyes small (8 to 12 times in head length); cephalic plate entirely covered with thick granules, its edges striate; lower branch of the first gill arch with 17 gill rakers; adipose fin located over the end of the anal fin, its length two to three times that of the dorsal fin. Body blue-brown or blue-gray; belly white; fins dark with numerous brown spots; maxillary barbels dark gray (Ref. 55763).
Found in estuaries and rivers (Ref. 9271). Feeds on small fishes and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 11482). Marketed fresh and dried-salted (Ref. 9271).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | التكاثر | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Kailola, P.J. and W.A. Bussing, 1995. Ariidae. Bagres marinos. p. 860-886. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9271)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
خطر للأنسان
Traumatogenic (Ref. 58010)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00269 - 0.01023), b=3.11 (2.94 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.62 se; based on food items.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).