Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 0 - 451 m (Ref. 58496). Polar; 80°N - 40°N, 95°W - 60°E
Eastern Atlantic: south-eastern coasts of Greenland, Jan Mayen Island, Iceland to British Isles and southward to Bay of Biscay, also North Sea, Baltic Sea, Spitsbergen and southern part of Barents Sea (including White Sea). Western Atlantic: James Bay in Canada to New York, USA (Ref. 7251). Arctic Ocean.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 17.8, range 15 - 30 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9925); common length : 24.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 4698); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 18 Jaren (Ref. 122394)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 7 - 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 13 - 19; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 9 - 15; Wervels: 34 - 39. Caudal fin rounded. Greenish brown above, often with dark blotches and bright milky-white spots above pectoral fins; underside cherry red (males) or light orange (females) with white spots; fins with dark bands (Ref. 4698).
Found on rocky bottoms with sand or mud, or among seaweeds (Ref. 4698). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds on fishes, large crustaceans, occasionally polychaetes and amphipods (Ref. 4698). During the spawning season, the male's underside becomes deep red with white spots.
Eggs are deposited in a clutch on the bottom and defended by the male. Larvae hatch after about 5 weeks.
Fedorov, V.V., 1986. Cottidae. p. 1243-1260. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. (Ref. 4698)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 0.4 - 10.3, mean 4.5 °C (based on 1225 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00720 - 0.01054), b=3.15 (3.09 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (tm=2; Fec=2,742).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 85.8 [16.9, 288.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.442 [0.184, 1.318] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [16.1, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.635 [0.263, 1.864] g/100g; Selenium = 21 [8, 53] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.56 [1.06, 28.97] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.655 [0.268, 1.159] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
