Classification / Names आम नाम | उपशब्द | Catalog of Fishes(वर्ग, प्रजाति) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Mulliformes (Goatfishes) > Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Mullus: Latin, mullus = soft (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री ड़िमरसल; औशिनोड़िरोमस (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 5 - 409 m (Ref. 56504). Subtropical; 62°N - 14°N, 19°W - 42°E

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Eastern Atlantic: Western Norway, English Channel (rare in North Sea) to Dakar, Senegal and the Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m 16.1, range 15 - 26 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 4845); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 1.0 kg (Ref. 35388); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 11 वर्षो (Ref. 92286)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

Head is less steep. Barbels longer than pectoral fin. Body with longitudinal red and brown stripes. First dorsal fin with dark markings (Ref. 35388).

Adults occur on broken and rough grounds but also found over sand and soft bottoms at depths less than 100 m. Depth range from 5-60 m (Ref. 07313) and from 305-409 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on benthic organisms such as shrimps and amphipods, polychaetes, mollusks, and benthic fishes. Spawning occurs from May to July, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4845). Marketed fresh and frozen for steaming, pan-frying, broiling and baking (Ref. 9988).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

A determinate spawner (Ref. 41706).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक : Randall, John E. | सहयोगीयो

Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. Mullidae. p. 827-829. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7313)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 July 2014

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां

FAO - मात्स्यिकी: landings, species profile; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Sea Around Us

अधिक जानकारी

Trophic ecology
खाद्य पदार्थ
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Food rations
परभक्षी

Ecology
पारिस्थितिकी

Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances

Life cycle
पुनरुत्पत्ति
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
लार्वा
लारवल गतिकी

Distribution
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ऐफ ऐ ओ क्षेत्र
Ecosystems
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Anatomy
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दिमाग
Otoliths

Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
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Swimming type
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Visual pigment(s)
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Toxicities (LC50s)

Genetics
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Heritabilities

Human related
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जलीयकृषि रूपरेखाऐ
खींच
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.

Outreach
सहयोगीयो

Taxonomy
आम नाम
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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 7 - 16.1, mean 10.2 °C (based on 549 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00817 - 0.00972), b=3.11 (3.08 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.

Generation time: 3.8 (2.2 - 4.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25 growth studies.

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.1-0.7; tm=2; tmax=10).

Prior r = 0.87, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.31, Based on 9 full stock assessments.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).

Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 70.8 [39.2, 146.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.173, 1.644] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.2, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.824 [0.529, 1.298] g/100g; Selenium = 23.7 [10.9, 50.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.1 [5.3, 54.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.228 [0.152, 0.506] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.

Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758