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Himantura marginata (Blyth, 1860)

Blackedge whipray
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Himantura marginata
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分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii 板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) 鰩目 (Stingrays) > Dasyatidae (Stingrays) 土魟科 (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: Himantura: Greek, iman, imantos = thong, strap + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Blyth.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Indian Ocean: India, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. May venture into Indonesian waters; possibly off Mozambique (Ref. 9840).
印度洋: 印度，斯里蘭卡與緬甸。 可能冒險進入印尼的水域; 可能地莫三比克外海.(參考文獻 9840)

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 179 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9840)

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Occurs in inshore waters and estuaries. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).

出現於近岸水域與河口。 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).印度洋: 印度，斯里蘭卡與緬甸。 可能冒險進入印尼的水域; 可能地莫三比克外海.(參考文獻 9840)

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 : McEachran, John | 合作者

Talwar, P.K. and A.G. Jhingran, 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. vol 1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. i-liv + 1-541, 1 map (Ref. 4832)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  資料不足 (DD) ; Date assessed: 11 February 2009

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





人類使用

漁業: 低經濟
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

更多資訊

Trophic ecology
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參考文獻

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網路資源

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00366 - 0.01891), b=3.10 (2.90 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.6   ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
價格種類 (Ref. 80766):   Low.