分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Potamotrygonidae (River stingrays) > Potamotrygoninae
Etymology: Potamotrygon: Greek, potamos = river + Greek, trygon = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Müller & Henle.
Issue
Authorship controversial, but follows Rosa (1985a) in crediting original species name to Müller & Henle and not to d’Orbigny. Species later redescribed by Müller & Henle (1841) based on five additional specimens, but these do not have type status (the action of Castex, 1969, in designating a lectotype is therefore not valid; Rosa, 1985a). May be confused in the literature with P. orbignyi (occurrences in French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela). Reproductive biology unknown. Additional references: Bertin (1939), Castex (1965); Achenbach & Achenbach (1976), Compagno & Cook (1995).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; dH range: 10 - ?; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 亞熱帶的; 24°C - 26°C (Ref. 12468)
South America: Paraná-Paraguay River basin.
南美洲: Parana-巴拉圭的河流域。
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 27188); 最大体重: 15.0 kg (Ref. 27548)
Occurs in marshy zones where it is frequently found partially hidden in the sandy bottom. This behavior, associated with its perfect immobility and its capacity to undergo homochromy, makes it practically undetectable to the eye. Like all species of this family, P. hystrix has a tail which is equipped with one or more spines which fall spontaneously and are replaced 2 or 3 times a year. At a length of 4 to 6 cm, the spine is a barbed, flattened skeletal formation inserted dorsally in the middle portion of the tail. Its structure is similar to that of a tooth and appears as an ivory cone covered with enamel. The spine is coated with an extremely toxic mucus produced by the cells of the skin and inflicts very painful wounds (Ref. 27188).
出现于沼泽区在哪里它时常被发现部份地在沙质底部藏。 这行为,伴随着它的完美不动性与它的能力历经 homochromy, 使它成为实际无法发觉的到眼。 像本科的所有种， P. hystrix 有一个尾部是具备有一个或多个棘那一个秋天自然地而且倍一年被取代 2 或 3。 在体长 4 到 6 公分, 棘是背面在尾部的中央部分中插入的有刺的, 平的骨骼形成。 它的结构是类似一个牙齿而且呈现被覆盖着珐琅的一个象牙制的圆锥体。 棘被外面覆盖有一个产生于皮肤的细胞的毒性很强黏液而且施放非常令人痛苦的创伤.(参考文献 27188)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
南美洲: Parana-巴拉圭的河流域。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (Assuming Fec<10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
