分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 底中水层性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 305 - 370 m (Ref. 56504). 亚热带的; 45°N - 41°S, 32°W - 17°E
Eastern Atlantic: southern Bay of Biscay to southern Morocco including Azores, Madeira , Canary Islands, Tristan de Cunha and Gough Islands. Also known from the western part of the Mediterranean Sea. Reported from Mauritania (Ref. 55783). Is also reported from the eastern part of Mediterranean by several references that may need confirmation - see the list of countries (NB).
东大西洋: 到摩洛哥南部包括亚速群岛，马得拉群岛，加纳利群岛， Tristan de Cunha 与 Gough 岛的比斯开湾南部。 也已知来自地中海的西部。 记录来自毛里塔尼亚了。 (参考文献 55783)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 24.7, range 24 - 49.5 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 7097); common length : 25.0 cm FL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大年龄: 18 年 (Ref. 109005)
Adults are found at depths ranging from 305 to 368 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). They can be seen up to depth of 370 m (Ref. 4233). They are confined to neritic zones of island shelves, banks and sea mounts; a schooling species (Ref. 4233). Known to migrate between the coast of Sahara and the offshore seamounts possibly reaching the Cape Verde Islands (Ref. 26139). They feed mainly on crustaceans (Ref. 4233). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233).
在爱奥尼亚的海洋东部中的来自 305-368 公尺的深度范围.(参考文献 56504) 提高到深度 370 公尺。 (参考文献 4233) 局限于岛架，浅堆与海底山脉的浅海区了; 一个群游性种.(参考文献 4233) 已知在撒哈拉的海岸与可能地被达到维德角岛的外海海洋山脊之间移动.(参考文献 26139) 主要吃甲壳动物。 (参考文献 4233)
东大西洋: 到摩洛哥南部包括亚速群岛，马得拉群岛，加纳利群岛， Tristan de Cunha 与 Gough 岛的比斯开湾南部。 也已知来自地中海的西部。 记录来自毛里塔尼亚了。 (参考文献 55783)
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.6 - 14.1, mean 13.1 °C (based on 5 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00798 - 0.01091), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.6 (3.5 - 13.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-0.4; assuming tm=2-4).
Prior r = 0.39, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.59, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 147 [88, 283] mg/100g; Iron = 2.46 [1.41, 4.55] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [17.3, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.267 [0.158, 0.459] g/100g; Selenium = 37.1 [18.2, 73.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.5 [5.0, 115.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.08 [1.45, 3.05] mg/100g (wet weight);
