Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 1 - 160 m (Ref. 9563). Subtropical; 25°S - 44°S, 110°E - 79°W
South Pacific: Southwest Pacific: Australia, Norfolk I. and Lord Howe I., New Zealand, and Kermadec Islands (Ref. 8879); Southeast Pacific: Desventuradas Is. (Ref. 89357)..
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9563)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 10 - 11; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 7 - 8; Σπόνδυλοι: 59 - 61.
Adults are benthic fishes in shallow estuaries and outer shelf; juveniles are pelagic in open ocean. They bury themselves head first when disturbed (Ref. 33838). White flesh is firm and of good flavor.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: με δυνητικό ενδιαφέρον
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.5 - 22.4, mean 16.8 °C (based on 344 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 2.1 ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
