Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ; ນ້ຳຈືດ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ; ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ (Ref. 51243). Temperate; 6°C - 20°C (Ref. 2060); 37°S - 44°S
Oceania: widely separated populations in southeastern and southwestern Australia.
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 44894); common length : 10.0 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. )
Facultative air-breathing in the genus (Ref. 126274); Occurs in still or slow-flowing waters at low elevations close to the sea; most abundant along shore margins in rocky areas. Found around plants, rocks or logs on the margins of still or flowing rivers, streams and lakes (Ref. 44894). The species has a marine juvenile stage, indicative of a diadromous life cycle. Spawning takes place from autumn to winter, among aquatic vegetation. Newly hatched larvae drift downcurrent and out to sea where they spend their first few months, eventually returning to fresh water during spring among annual whitebait migrations. In lacustrine and other landlocked populations, adults move upstream into feeder streams to spawn. The larvae are then swept downstream into lakes (Ref. 44894). Feeds mainly on aquatic and terrestrial insects.
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ບໍ່ມີຄວາມສົນໃຈ
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.2 - 17.1, mean 15.4 °C (based on 135 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00205 - 0.01170), b=3.12 (2.91 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (Fec=1,175).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
