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इलाज़मौबरांकी (शारक और रेज़) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: Pateobatis: Combination of Latin 'pateo' for 'lie open, be exposed' and 'batis' for skate, ray or flatfish; referring to the eclectic nature of members of this group.
More on authors: Jordan & Seale.
पर्यावरण: पर्यावरण / जलवायु क्षेत्र / गहराई सीमा / वितरण सीमा
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 0 - 200 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 9°N - 26°S
Indo-West Pacific: widespread, from South Africa to the central Pacific Islands, north to Japan (Okinawa). Frequently confused with Himantura jenkinsii (Ref. 9840).
प्रथम परिपक्वता पर लंबाई / आकार / वज़न / आयु
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 115.4, range 120 - ? cm
Max length : 183 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 40637); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 18.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Uniformly tan to brownish pink dorsally. Inhabits lagoon and seaward sand flats from the intertidal to at least 200 m. Occurs in large aggregations (Ref. 37816).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Occurs in aggregations over soft bottoms of the inner continental shelf, often near coral reefs (Ref. 9840). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Size at birth at about 55 cm WD (Ref. 6871). Feeds on fishes, crustaceans and molluscs (Ref. 89972). Common catch of the demersal tangle net, bottom trawl and, to a lesser extend, longline fisheries. Utilized for its meat, skin (high value) and cartilage (Ref.58048). By-catch of prawn trawlers (Ref. 6871).
जीवन चक्र और संभोग व्यवहार
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | उपजाऊपन | लार्वा
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Size at birth ~ 55 cm WD (Ref.58048).
Mould, B., 1994. A world list of rays. The scientific nomenclature and distribution of the recent Batoidea (Batoidea, Elasmobranchii, Chondrichthyes). University of Nottingham, [UK]. 82 p. (Ref. 8630)
आईयूसीएन रेड लिस्ट स्थिति (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
मनुष्यों के लिए ख़तरा
Venomous
मानव उपयोग
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य
साधन
विशेष रिपोर्ट
XML डाउनलोड करें
इंटरनेट स्रोत
मॉडल पर आधारित अनुमान
पसंदीदा तापमान (संदर्भ
123201): 23.7 - 28.2, mean 26.7 °C (based on 471 cells).
जातिवृति विविधता सूचकांक (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00482 - 0.02174), b=3.06 (2.86 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ट्रॉफिक स्तर (संदर्भ
69278): 3.7 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (Assuming fecundity<100).
मछली पकड़ने की भेद्यता (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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पोषक तत्व (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 4.72 [0.53, 68.64] mg/100g; Iron = 0.359 [0.028, 3.857] mg/100g; Protein = 21.3 [18.7, 23.9] %; Omega3 = 0.0812 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 45.3 [8.5, 225.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.5 [1.6, 202.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.609 [0.036, 7.165] mg/100g (wet weight);