分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes)
鱸形目 (Surgeonfishes) >
Acanthuridae (Surgeonfishes, tangs, unicornfishes)
刺尾鯛科 (Surgeonfishes, tangs, unicornfishes) > Acanthurinae
Etymology: Acanthurus: Greek, akantha = thorn + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 15 m (Ref. 27115), usually 1 - 3 m (Ref. 37792). 热带; 24°C - 30°C (Ref. 27115); 36°N - 36°S, 27°E - 137°W
Indo-Pacific: East Africa, including the Mascarene Islands (Ref. 37792) to the Hawaiian, Marquesas and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia. Replaced by the closely related Acanthurus sohal in the Red Sea.
印度-太平洋: 东非,包括玛斯科林岛 (参考文献 37792) 到夏威夷, 马贵斯群岛与 Tuamoto 岛, 北至日本南部, 南至大堡礁与新加勒多尼亚。 在红海被接近地讲的 红海刺尾鱼〔Acanthurus sohal〕 取代了。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 18.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 38.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3145); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大年龄: 46 年 (Ref. 27143)
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 27 - 30; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 25 - 28. This species is distinguished by having the following characters: body deep and compressed, depth 2.1-3 times in standard length or SL (body of juveniles relatively deeper than that of adults); snout 5.2-5.7 times in SL; mouth small; teeth spatulate, close-set, with denticulate edges; total gill rakers on first gill arch 14-16; continuous unnotched dorsal fin IX,27-30 soft rays; A III,25-28; caudal fin deeply lunate with concavity 3.3-4.5 times in SL; a lancet-like spine on each side of caudal peduncle which folds into a deep horizontal groove, this spine long, 1.9-2.5 times in head length, and venomous; stomach thin-walled. Colour of body with upper 3/4 with alternating black-edged blue and yellow stripes and those on the head mainly diagonal; lower fourth pale lavender to bluish white; dorsal fin finely striped pale blue and yellowish; anal fin grey with a yellow basal band and a light blue margin; caudal fin blackish with a large, grey crescent centroposteriorly, edged at the front in bluish white and at the posterior margin with black; pectoral fins are pale except basally where they are coloured like the body; pelvic fins yellow-orange with a white lateral margin and a blackish submarginal line (Ref. 9808).
身体有中的上面的 3/4 交互的黑边蓝色与黄色的条纹; 身体灰色中的低的 1/4。 在尾柄的每个侧边上的直立的硬棘是锐利的，强的, 朝向前面的, 与有毒的。 上半部头部有黄色，斜角斑纹。 胸鳍灰白的有暗淡的鳍条; 腹鳍淡土黄色有黑色的外缘; 在尾鳍的垂直斑纹。 鳃耙 14-16 前面的列,13-15个后列。 细小的鳞片。 菲律宾的标本显现不同的彩色斑纹。
Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Adults usually form schools and commonly found in shallow gutters. Juveniles solitary and secretive on shallow rubble habitats (Ref. 48637). A territorial species (Ref. 167) which is common in surge zones of exposed seaward reefs. The large male controls well-defined feeding territories and harems of females (Ref. 1602, 48637). The species is almost continually in motion. Herbivorous but also feeds on crustaceans (Ref. 5503). Forms spawning aggregations (Ref. 27825). Diurnal species (Ref. 113699:31); courtship takes place at various times of the day, spawning peaks in the morning, but may also occur from midday to afternoon, and is often confined to ebb tides (Ref. 38697). The venomous caudal spine can cause painful wounds.
一个具有领域性种 (参考文献 167) 是裸露的临海礁石的常见于涌浪区。 大的雄性控制很清晰摄食领域与一群雌性配偶。 (参考文献 1602,48637) 成鱼通常形成鱼群而且普遍发现于水浅的沟槽。 稚鱼独居性与躲躲藏藏的在水浅的碎石栖息地上.(参考文献 48637) 此鱼种是几乎不断地运动。 食草的也吃甲壳动物.(参考文献 5503) 有毒的尾棘能引起令人痛苦的创伤。 形成产卵群集。 (参考文献 27825)
Form spawning aggregations, but spawn in pairs (Ref. 27825).印度-太平洋: 东非,包括玛斯科林岛 (参考文献 37792) 到夏威夷, 马贵斯群岛与 Tuamoto 岛, 北至日本南部, 南至大堡礁与新加勒多尼亚。 在红海被接近地讲的 红海刺尾鱼〔Acanthurus sohal〕 取代了。
Randall, J.E., 1986. Acanthuridae. p. 811-823. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 3145)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.3, mean 28.4 °C (based on 2958 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01862 (0.01230 - 0.02819), b=2.96 (2.84 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=4; tmax=42;).
Prior r = 0.39, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.59, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 63.8 [26.6, 192.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.83 [0.31, 2.06] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.0, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.092 [0.042, 0.198] g/100g; Selenium = 17.3 [6.0, 51.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.1 [6.8, 118.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.8 [0.9, 5.2] mg/100g (wet weight);
