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Glaucostegus obtusus (Müller & Henle, 1841)

Widenose guitarfish
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Glaucostegus obtusus
Picture by Osmany, H.B.

分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii 板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) > Rhinopristiformes (Shovelnose rays) > Glaucostegidae (Giant guitarfishes)
Etymology: More on authors: Müller & Henle.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 60 m (Ref. 114953). 熱帶; 25°N - 0°N, 61°E - 105°E (Ref. 114953)

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

Northern Indian Ocean: Pakistan to Thailand, with eastern limits unclear (Ref. 114953). South African records refer to Rhinobatos blochii and Rhinobatos leucospilus (Compagno pers. comm.).
印度-西太平洋: 巴基斯坦外海到 '馬來列島' 與那 '東的 Indies', 更多特殊的紀錄從區域不確認。 南非記錄指的是 Rhinobatos blochii 與 Rhinobatos leucospilus(Compagno pers. comm.)。

大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - 48 cm
Max length : 93.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9909)

簡短描述 檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

This species is distinguished by the following: colour uniform greyish to brownish body and shovel-shaped disc; short snout broadly triangular, broad oblique nostrils with an oval anterior opening; disc flattened centrally, its length ca 1.2 times its width, anterior margin largely convex, outer corner broadly rounded to abruptly angular; snout relatively obtuse, ca. 80° angle, tip broadly rounded and not extended forward as a lobe, very small orbit its length ca 6.5 time preorbital length, 2.5-2.7 in interorbital space; rostral ridges are well separated, margin of cranium sharply demarcated before eyes; one small spiracular fold; nostrils much shorter than mouth, subequal to internasal width, ca. 50-52 nasal lamellae; anterior nasal flaps barely penetrating into internasal space, the interspace equal to 2.4-2.5 times length of posterior nasal aperture; rough skin covered with small denticles, enlarged slightly and more granular on dorsal surface than ventrally; along midline of the body in young are thorns in irregular row, irregular in shape, often obscure in adults; no obvious patch on each shoulder or greatly enlarged thorns in snout tip and around orbits; long tail, 1.4-1.6 times disc length; short dorsal fins, apices rounded, close together, interspace exceeding twice base length of first dorsal fin, well separated from pelvic fins (Ref. 114953).

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Found inshore and offshore (Ref. 9909). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Biology little known (Ref. 9909); but males are known to be mature ca. 48 cm TL (Ref. 114953). Probably utilized where it occurs, but details lacking (Ref. 9909).

發現於岸邊了與外海.(參考文獻 9909) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 生物學特性知道的很少.(參考文獻 9909) 可能利用了在那裡它出現, 但是細說缺乏.(參考文獻 9909)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).印度-西太平洋: 巴基斯坦外海到 '馬來列島' 與那 '東的 Indies', 更多特殊的紀錄從區域不確認。 南非記錄指的是 Rhinobatos blochii 與 Rhinobatos leucospilus(Compagno pers. comm.)。

主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  極危 (CR) (A2bd); Date assessed: 03 December 2018

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

  無害處的





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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5156   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00372 (0.00145 - 0.00950), b=3.09 (2.87 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High vulnerability (57 of 100).