分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鳃亚纲 (鲨鱼与 鱼) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Rostroraja: Latin, rostrum = beak + Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 330 m (Ref. 92298), usually 0 - 50 m (Ref. 55280). 亞熱帶的; 48°N - 22°N, 91°W - 59°W (Ref. 55280)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to southern Florida (USA) and eastern Gulf of Mexico. Also northern Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 26938).
西大西洋: 麻薩諸塞州到佛羅里達南部 (美國) 與墨西哥灣東方。 也墨西哥灣北部.(參考文獻 26938)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 53.5, range 49 - 60 cm
Max length : 84.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 1125)
Small skate, with irregular darker spots and bars on dorsal surface. Translucent area on each side of mid-dorsal ridge on snout (Ref. 26938). Single row of thorns along the midridge of the back (Ref. 6902). Disk with dark brown bars and streaks and some spots. Front edges nearly straight or slightly concave (Ref. 7251).
小的 鱼, 有不规则的较黑的斑点与横带在背面上。 在吻上的在背部中央脊的两边上的半透明的区域.(参考文献 26938) 单列的刺沿着背部的中央隆起。 (参考文献 6902) 体盘有深褐色的横带与条纹与一些斑点。 前缘几乎是直的或些微地凹曲.(参考文献 7251)
Found from saltwater parts of estuaries and bays of 330 m (Ref. 26938). Inhabit inshore areas. Prefer waters of 10°-21°C. Feed mainly on decapod crustaceans, bivalves, polychaetes, squids and fishes (Ref. 3824). Breed while inshore (Ref. 6902). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 5.1-8.9 cm long and 3.8-5.7 cm wide (Ref. 41249, 41307, 41301, 41358).
从 330 公尺的河口与海湾的盐水部份发现了。 (参考文献 26938) 栖息于近海区域。 偏爱 10 °-21 ° C. 的水域 主要捕食十足目的甲壳动物，二枚贝，多毛类动物，乌贼与鱼。 (参考文献 3824) 繁殖当在岸边时。 (参考文献 6902) 卵生的。 明显的成对出现。 幼鱼可能倾向跟随大的个体, 例如他们的母亲.(参考文献 205) 卵为长方形鞘囊具有僵硬的触角沈积在沙滩或泥滩的角落.(参考文献 205) 卵鞘是 5.1-8.9 公分长与 3.8-5.7 公分宽的.(参考文献 41249,41307,41301,41358)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
From the work of Libby and Gilbert (1960) (Ref. 51117) and Luer and Gilbert (1985) (Ref. 38742) male and female clearnose skates mate side by side in an upright position (Ref. 49562). Actual copulation occurs when the male bites the caudal margin of the female's pectoral, bends his tail 75 degrees beneath hers and inserts one clasper, flexed ('splayed') medially 90 degrees, into her oviduct (Ref. 49562). A female displays 'back arching' and 'pectoral fin undulations' as precopulatory behavior to attract males (Ref. 49562).西大西洋: 麻薩諸塞州到佛羅里達南部 (美國) 與墨西哥灣東方。 也墨西哥灣北部.(參考文獻 26938)
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 诱饵: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 9.6 - 25.7, mean 23.5 °C (based on 342 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00158 (0.00101 - 0.00248), b=3.27 (3.14 - 3.40), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.20; Fec assumed to be <100).
Prior r = 0.07, 95% CL = 0.04 - 0.10, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
