>
Ovalentaria/misc (Various families in series Ovalentaria) >
Pomacentridae (Damselfishes) > Microspathodontinae
Etymology: Parma: Latin, parma, -ae = a little shield.
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; không di cư; Mức độ sâu 2 - 30 m (Ref. 7247). Temperate; 29°S - 39°S, 144°E - 154°E
Southwest Pacific: southern Australia between Byron Bay, New South Wales and Port Phillip Bay, Victoria.
Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 14.0 cm SL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 7247); Tuổi cực đại được báo cáo: 37 các năm (Ref. 52465)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 13; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 16 - 18; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 2; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 14 - 16.
Adults inhabit rocky reefs (Ref. 7247). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205). Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Sự tái sinh sản | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Ấu trùng
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205). Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref. 205). Also Ref. 103751.
Allen, G.R., 1991. Damselfishes of the world. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. 271 p. (Ref. 7247)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các công cụ
Special reports
Download XML
Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.3 - 23.2, mean 18.2 °C (based on 45 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01950 (0.00922 - 0.04124), b=3.00 (2.82 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.24 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Ref.
120179): thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 4.5 - 14 năm (K=0.34-0.37; tmax=37).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.1 [12.0, 53.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.232 [0.130, 0.440] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.2, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.282 [0.143, 0.577] g/100g; Selenium = 5.32 [2.30, 12.88] μg/100g; VitaminA = 62.5 [13.0, 300.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.815 [0.494, 1.364] mg/100g (wet weight);
