分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水; 深度上下限 10 - 180 m (Ref. 27121). 亞熱帶的; 44°N - 40°S, 97°W - 16°E
Western Atlantic: New England, USA and Bermuda to Argentina (Ref. 47377). Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania to Namibia (Ref. 27121). Southwest Atlantic: Sergipe, Brazil (Ref. 118626).
西大西洋: 美國的新英格蘭與百慕達群島到阿根廷.(參考文獻 47377) 東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞到那米比亞.(參考文獻 27121)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3694); common length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3694); 最大体重: 4.9 kg (Ref. 40637)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 15; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 12 - 13.
Inhabits inshore and near-shore areas, over sand or mud bottoms. Usually found alone or in small, loose aggregates. Adults are pelagic, but near continental margins; young are commonly found on coastal and offshore banks (Ref. 7251). Feeds on fish and shrimps (Ref. 28587). Minimum depth from Ref. 26912. Its flesh is very delicate; nevertheless, in certain region like the Pacific and the Indian Ocean, it is toxic (particularly the skin and the viscera) (Ref. 5377). Poisonous, should not be eaten (Ref. 36731).
栖息于沿海地区与近岸区域,遍及沙或泥底部。 通常单独发现或在小的, 松散的鱼群。 成鱼是大洋性的, 但是在大陆的边缘附近; 幼鱼通常被发现于海岸的与近海浅堆.(参考文献 7251) 吃鱼与虾。 (参考文献 28587) 最小深度从参考文献 26912. 它的肉非常娇弱; 然而, 在特定的区域中类似太平洋与印度洋, 它是有毒的 (特别地皮肤与内脏).(参考文献 5377) 有毒的, 不应该被吃.(参考文献 36731)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
Oviparous (Ref. 205).西大西洋: 美國的新英格蘭與百慕達群島到阿根廷.(參考文獻 47377) 東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞到那米比亞.(參考文獻 27121)
Shipp, R.L., 1990. Tetraodontidae. p. 1069-1072. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7464)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.2 - 27.3, mean 23.2 °C (based on 373 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02042 (0.01592 - 0.02619), b=2.85 (2.81 - 2.89), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 36.6 [14.9, 98.0] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.54, 2.12] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.4, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.429 [0.191, 0.878] g/100g; Selenium = 28.5 [14.1, 56.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.02 [3.40, 24.30] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.688 [0.482, 0.972] mg/100g (wet weight);
