Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 5 - 40 m (Ref. 5222), usually 5 - 8 m. Tropical; 19°N - 15°N, 79°W - 60°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Central Atlantic: Caribbean coast of Venezuela. Recently reported from the Port Royal reefs off Jamaica indicating that it may be found in other Caribbean localities.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 114 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 32); common length : 60.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5217); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 15.0 kg (Ref. 5217)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 11; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 15 - 17; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 10 - 12. Distinguished by the following characteristics: pale grayish brown color of adults, juveniles greenish brown with irregular brown spots on the body; soft dorsal and anal fins with white edge and dark submarginal band; depth of body 3.1-3.3 times in SL; distinctly convex interorbital; angular preopercle, enlarged serrae on distinct lobe at the angle; subequal sizes of anterior and posterior nostrils in fish less than 25 cm SL, fish larger than 40 cm SL the posterior nostrils are much larger than anterior ones (Ref. 89707).
Common in depths of 5 to 8 m; large adults are caught in 20 to 40 m; juveniles in shallow water over sandy bottoms near coral reefs and seagrass beds. Marketed fresh.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00933 (0.00429 - 0.02028), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.8 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Πολύ χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού > 14 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
