分類 / Names
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Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)
鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomberomorus: Latin, scomber = mackerel + Greek, moros = silly, stupid (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - 70 m (Ref. 12260). 熱帶; 39°N - 41°S, 7°W - 170°W (Ref. 54880)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and South Africa to Southeast Asia, north to China and Japan and south to southeast Australia, and to Fiji (Ref. 6390). Immigrant to the eastern Mediterranean Sea by way of the Suez Canal. Southeast Atlantic: St. Helena.
印度-西太平洋: 紅海與南非至東南亞, 北至中國與日本而且南至澳洲東南部 , 與到斐濟。 (參考文獻 6390) 移居到地中海東部經由蘇伊士運河。 東南大西洋: 聖赫勒拿島。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 75.2, range 55 - 82 cm
Max length : 240 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5765); common length : 120 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大體重: 70.0 kg (Ref. 5765); 最大年齡: 22 年 (Ref. 50580)
背棘 (總數) : 15 - 18; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 20; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 16 - 21; 脊椎骨: 42 - 46. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate (depth 4.8-5.6 in SL), moderately strongly compressed; upper jaw reaching to posterior margin of eye or slightly beyond; teeth in jaws strong and compressed; gill rakers of first gill arch 0-2 on upper limb and 1-8 on lower limb, total 1-8; 2 dorsal fins, D1 XV-XVIII and D2 15-20, followed by 8-11 finlets; anal fin originating below midpoint of second dorsal fin, with 16-21 soft rays, followed by 7-12 finlets; lateral line abruptly bent downward below end of second dorsal fin. Colour of back iridescent blue-grey, sides silver with bluish reflections, marked with numerous thin, wavy vertical bands; number of bars increases from as few as 20 in a 40 cm specimen to as many as 65 at 150 cm; juveniles frequently spotted (Ref. 9684, 90102).
腹鰭間的突起小而兩裂的。 泳鰾不存在。 側線突然地彎曲向下的在第二背鰭鰭的末端之下。 腸道有 2 摺層與 3 肢翼。 在軀幹上的縱帶有時斷裂成斑點腹數目 40-50 當成魚時, 而且少於 20 在稚魚中。 在身體上稚魚有大的橢圓形的深色斑點; 第一背鰭的中央三個白色，其它的鰭黑色.(參考文獻 11228)
A pelagic fish, inhabiting near edge of continental shelf to shallow coastal waters, often of low salinity and high turbidity (Ref. 30199, 48637); also found in drop-offs, and shallow or gently sloping reef and lagoon waters (Ref. 1602, 48637). Feed primarily on small fishes like anchovies, clupeids, carangids, also squids and penaeoid shrimps. Usually hunts solitary and often swim in shallow water along coastal slopes (Ref. 48637). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Caught mainly with drift gill nets, bamboo stake traps, midwater trawls, and by trolling. Marketed mainly fresh; also dried-salted; commonly made into fish balls (Ref. 9684), frozen, smoked, and canned (Ref. 9987). A lipid-soluble toxin, similar to ciguatoxin has been found in the flesh of specimens caught on the east coast of Queensland, Australia. Known to undertake lengthy long-shore migrations, but permanent resident populations also seem to exist.
從大陸棚的近邊緣到沿岸淺水區分佈了, 時常低鹽度與高混濁度.(參考文獻 30199) 也發現於海峭壁 , 與水淺或緩斜坡的礁與潟湖水域。 (參考文獻 1602) 已知進行長途的沿岸迴游, 但是永久的定居族群也似乎存在。 發現於小群魚群了。 (參考文獻 9684) 主要捕食像鯷魚，鯡魚，鰺，也捕食烏賊與對蝦的小魚。 一個脂質-溶解的毒素, 類似 ciguatoxin 已經被發現於在澳洲的昆士蘭省的東海岸上面捕獲的標本的肉。 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 乾燥鹽醃 (參考文獻 9684), 冷凍, 煙燻了, 而且裝於罐頭;(參考文獻 9987) 通常製成了魚丸。
Depending on temperature regime, the spawning season may be more or less extended.
In Australian waters, each female spawns several times over the season, about 2 to 6 days apart (Ref. 30196), depending on the locality. Spanish mackerel spawn off the reef slopes and edges, and they form spawning aggregations in specific areas (Ref. 6390).印度-西太平洋: 紅海與南非至東南亞, 北至中國與日本而且南至澳洲東南部 , 與到斐濟。 (參考文獻 6390) 移居到地中海東部經由蘇伊士運河。 東南大西洋: 聖赫勒拿島。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
近危 (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 10 November 2022
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.8 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 1324 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00661 (0.00584 - 0.00747), b=3.00 (2.97 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.6 (2.2 - 5.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 32
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.12-0.21; tm=2-3; tmax=14; Fec=590,000).
Prior r = 0.98, 95% CL = 0.65 - 1.47, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 19.6 [8.5, 74.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.719 [0.310, 1.705] mg/100g; Protein = 20.9 [19.6, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 0.222 [0.131, 0.380] g/100g; Selenium = 72.5 [25.5, 222.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.6 [3.2, 60.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.508 [0.338, 0.818] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
