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Cephalopholis cruentata (Lacepède, 1802)

Graysby
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Cephalopholis cruentata   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Cephalopholis cruentata
Picture by Steele, M.A.

分类 / Names 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Cephalopholis: Greek, kephale = head + Greek, pholis = scale (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生态学

海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的 (Ref. 56524); 深度上下限 0 - 170 m (Ref. 9710). 亞熱帶的; 36°N - 6°N, 98°W - 58°W (Ref. 5222)

分布 国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | Point map | 简介 | Faunafri

Western Central Atlantic: North Carolina to southern Florida (USA), Bermuda, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, and the Caribbean; including the Antilles (Ref. 26938).
中西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達南部 (美國) ,百慕達群島,墨西哥灣,巴哈馬與加勒比海; 包括安地列斯群島。 (參考文獻 26938)

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

Maturity: Lm 16.0, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 42.6 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3708); 最大体重: 1.1 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 13 年 (Ref. 36271)

简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 15; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Distinguished by having the following characteristics: body depth 2.5-2.9 times in SL; head length 2.4-2.6 times in SL (Ref. 089707); opercle with 3 flat spines, middle one the largest and upper spine longer than the lowest; pelvic fins shorter than pectorals; bases of soft dorsal and anal fins covered with scales and thick skin; has 4 contrasting spots, white or black, along body below dorsal fin base (Ref. 26938); color in market: pale orange, grey or brown with reddish spots; black spots on the upper body below the dorsal fin (Ref. 089707).
鳃盖有 3根平坦的棘,中央一大而上面的棘长度超过最低的。 腹鳍短于胸鳍。 软背鳍与臀鳍的基底覆盖着鳞片与厚的皮肤了。 有 4个鲜明对比的斑点, 白色或者黑色, 在背鳍基底之下沿着身体.(参考文献 26938)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Inhabits Thalassia beds and coral reefs. In the Gulf of Mexico, they are found on rocky reef ledge in depths greater than 27 m. Solitary (Ref. 26340) and secretive, they usually stay near hiding places during the day. Prefer to remain within a small area of the home range of about 2,120 square m especially during the day (Ref. 56524). Nocturnal predators, adults feed mainly on fishes, with preference on Chromis multilineata, while juveniles feed on shrimps. Due to its small size, this is not a particularly sought-after species. Easily approached and fed by divers (Ref. 9710). Protogynous (Ref. 26938). Between 1995 and 2000, at least 10 specimens have been traded as aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392).

栖息于泰来草床与珊瑚礁。 在墨西哥湾,他们在深度大于 27 公尺中栖息于岩石的礁岩架。 独居性的 (参考文献 26340) 与躲躲藏藏的, 他们通常停留在藏身处的附近在白天期间。 偏爱尤其在白天时保持在大约 2,120 平方公尺的家范围的一个小区域里面。 (参考文献 56524) 是夜行的掠食者, 成鱼主要捕食鱼,与在 Chromis multilineata 上的偏爱,稚鱼吃虾。 由于它的体型小,这不是一个特别受喜爱的种。 容易接近而且被潜水者喂.(参考文献 9710) 雌性先熟的.(參考文獻 26938) 在 1995 與 2000之間, 至少 10件標本曾經在巴西的塞阿臘交易當作水族館魚.(參考文獻 49392)

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼

Most change sex between 20 and 23 cm (ages 4 and 5), with sexual transition occurring immediately after spawning in August and September (Ref. 3092).中西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達南部 (美國) ,百慕達群島,墨西哥灣,巴哈馬與加勒比海; 包括安地列斯群島。 (參考文獻 26938)

主要参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435)

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 12 November 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  有雪卡鱼毒中毒的报导 (Ref. 30303)





人类利用

渔业: 低经济
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋

更多信息

Trophic ecology
食物相
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
捕食者
Ecology
生态学
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
体长-频率
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
繁殖
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
仔鱼
稚鱼动力学
Distribution
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FAO区域
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标本纪录
简介
BRUVS - Videos
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脑重体重比
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
游泳类型
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
鱼的声音
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
遗传学
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Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
水产养殖描述
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Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
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合作者
References
参考文献

工具

特别资料

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网络资源

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | 核实 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: , | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: 基因组, 核苷酸 | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | 国家资料库 | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | 公众的水族馆 | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | 树状分类阶层 | Wikipedia: 转至, 搜寻 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 动物学的记录

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.7 - 28, mean 26.4 °C (based on 328 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00674 - 0.01956), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (Ref. 69278):  4.3   ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.34-0.35; tm=3.5-5.5; tmax=9; Fec=260,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
价格分类 (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 28.1 [12.8, 57.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.548 [0.279, 1.129] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.4, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.157, 0.507] g/100g; Selenium = 21.1 [9.8, 42.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 86.8 [30.2, 314.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.479 [0.320, 0.816] mg/100g (wet weight);