分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 非迁移的 (Ref. 56524); 深度上下限 0 - 170 m (Ref. 9710). 亞熱帶的; 36°N - 6°N, 98°W - 58°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Central Atlantic: North Carolina to southern Florida (USA), Bermuda, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas, and the Caribbean; including the Antilles (Ref. 26938).
中西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達南部 (美國) ，百慕達群島，墨西哥灣，巴哈馬與加勒比海; 包括安地列斯群島。 (參考文獻 26938)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 16.0, range 14 - ? cm
Max length : 42.6 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3708); 最大体重: 1.1 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年龄: 13 年 (Ref. 36271)
背棘 (总数) : 9; 背的软条 (总数) : 13 - 15; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. Distinguished by having the following characteristics: body depth 2.5-2.9 times in SL; head length 2.4-2.6 times in SL (Ref. 089707); opercle with 3 flat spines, middle one the largest and upper spine longer than the lowest; pelvic fins shorter than pectorals; bases of soft dorsal and anal fins covered with scales and thick skin; has 4 contrasting spots, white or black, along body below dorsal fin base (Ref. 26938); color in market: pale orange, grey or brown with reddish spots; black spots on the upper body below the dorsal fin (Ref. 089707).
鳃盖有 3根平坦的棘，中央一大而上面的棘长度超过最低的。 腹鳍短于胸鳍。 软背鳍与臀鳍的基底覆盖着鳞片与厚的皮肤了。 有 4个鲜明对比的斑点, 白色或者黑色, 在背鳍基底之下沿着身体.(参考文献 26938)
Inhabits Thalassia beds and coral reefs. In the Gulf of Mexico, they are found on rocky reef ledge in depths greater than 27 m. Solitary (Ref. 26340) and secretive, they usually stay near hiding places during the day. Prefer to remain within a small area of the home range of about 2,120 square m especially during the day (Ref. 56524). Nocturnal predators, adults feed mainly on fishes, with preference on Chromis multilineata, while juveniles feed on shrimps. Due to its small size, this is not a particularly sought-after species. Easily approached and fed by divers (Ref. 9710). Protogynous (Ref. 26938). Between 1995 and 2000, at least 10 specimens have been traded as aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
栖息于泰来草床与珊瑚礁。 在墨西哥湾，他们在深度大于 27 公尺中栖息于岩石的礁岩架。 独居性的 (参考文献 26340) 与躲躲藏藏的, 他们通常停留在藏身处的附近在白天期间。 偏爱尤其在白天时保持在大约 2,120 平方公尺的家范围的一个小区域里面。 (参考文献 56524) 是夜行的掠食者, 成鱼主要捕食鱼，与在 Chromis multilineata 上的偏爱，稚鱼吃虾。 由于它的体型小,这不是一个特别受喜爱的种。 容易接近而且被潜水者喂.(参考文献 9710) 雌性先熟的.(參考文獻 26938) 在 1995 與 2000之間, 至少 10件標本曾經在巴西的塞阿臘交易當作水族館魚.(參考文獻 49392)
Most change sex between 20 and 23 cm (ages 4 and 5), with sexual transition occurring immediately after spawning in August and September (Ref. 3092).中西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州到佛羅里達南部 (美國) ，百慕達群島，墨西哥灣，巴哈馬與加勒比海; 包括安地列斯群島。 (參考文獻 26938)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
工具
特别资料
下载 XML
网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.7 - 28, mean 26.4 °C (based on 328 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00674 - 0.01956), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.34-0.35; tm=3.5-5.5; tmax=9; Fec=260,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 28.1 [12.8, 57.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.548 [0.279, 1.129] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.4, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.285 [0.157, 0.507] g/100g; Selenium = 21.1 [9.8, 42.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 86.8 [30.2, 314.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.479 [0.320, 0.816] mg/100g (wet weight);
