分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology:
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 98 m (Ref. 89891). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 26°N, 98°W - 70°W
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts to Texas in the USA, except for southern Florida. Including Gulf of Mexico (Ref. 26938).
西大西洋: 在美國的麻薩諸塞州到德克薩斯, 除了佛羅里達南部。 包括墨西哥灣。 (參考文獻 26938)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 16.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 24 - 27; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 6 - 7. Colour greyish olive above, silvery white below. Back with 7 to 9 rather conspicuous dark vertical bars. Inside of opercle dark. Lower parts of pelvic fins, anal and caudal fins yellowish. A moderately small fish, body short and robust. Mouth large, strongly oblique, lower jaw projecting. Teeth very small and pointed, set in 1 or 2 rows along edges of jaws. Chin without barbels, but with 4 minute pores. Snout with 5 marginal pores and no rostral pores. Gas bladder simple, carrot-shaped, without anterior appendages. Sagitta (Large earstone) short but very thick (Ref 51721).
顏色略灰色的橄欖色上方, 下面銀白色的。 背面有 7 到 9個相當顯著黑的縱帶。 在鰓蓋之內黑的。 腹鰭的下部, 臀鰭與尾鰭淡黃色的。 一一般小魚, 身體短與結實的。 嘴大的﹐極傾斜, 下頜突出的。 齒非常小而尖的, 在 1 或 2 列的組沿著顎的邊緣。 沒有觸鬚的下巴,但是有 4個細小的孔。 吻部有 5個邊緣的孔與沒有喙孔。 氣鰾單一的, 胡蘿蔔-形狀的, 沒有前肢。 矢耳石 (大的 earstone) 短但是非常厚的 (參考文獻 51721).
Occurs usually over mud and sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters to about 60 m depth, more rarely in estuaries. Feeds mainly on small shrimps.
通常生活在沿岸水域中的泥與沙泥底到大約 60 公尺深,更多極少在河口之上。 主要吃小的蝦。
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
西大西洋: 在美國的麻薩諸塞州到德克薩斯, 除了佛羅里達南部。 包括墨西哥灣。 (參考文獻 26938)
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.1 - 24.7, mean 23.8 °C (based on 198 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00413 - 0.01752), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.98).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 147 [78, 328] mg/100g; Iron = 1.55 [0.80, 2.88] mg/100g; Protein = 19.6 [18.5, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.407 [0.223, 0.693] g/100g; Selenium = 26.9 [13.5, 55.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.6 [5.5, 58.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.981 [0.673, 1.458] mg/100g (wet weight);
