Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 23 - 306 m (Ref. 9342). Subtropical; 34°N - 19°S, 120°W - 70°W
Eastern Pacific: Playa del Rey in southern California, USA to Peru.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 42.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9342); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 680.00 g (Ref. 40637)
A sharp spine projecting anteriorly from ventral border of urohyal (Ref. 40817).
Probably forms schools and lives near the bottom in deep waters (Ref. 9342). Of some commercial importance in zones where it is abundant (Ref. 9342).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13 - 21.4, mean 15.2 °C (based on 78 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
