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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jordan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 1 - 10 m (Ref. 3702). Tropical; 11°N - 9°S, 46°W - 62°W
Western Atlantic: Guyana to northern Brazil.
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 110 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9626); common length : 45.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3702)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 11; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 21 - 24; गुदा कांटा: 2; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 10 - 12. Colour greyish above, whitish below. Dorsal fin dusky, upper margin of pectoral fins orange, pelvic fins and anal fin pale, caudal fin grey with a dark margin. Inside of mouth orange. Mouth large, distinctly oblique, lower jaw projecting. Tip of upper jaw without enlarged canines. Chin without barbels or pores. Snout with only 2 marginal pores. Pectoral fins much shorter than pelvic fins. Gas bladder with a pair of medium-sized, nearly straight, horn-like anterior appendages. Soft portion of dorsal fin almost entirely covered with small scales (Ref 51721).
Mostly in brackish water swamps along the coasts; also entering freshwaters (Ref. 3702). Feeds on fish, shrimps and sometimes plants (Ref. 35237). Spawning takes place in the open sea. Important food fish (Ref. 3702).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; जलीयकृषि: प्रयोगात्मक
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.7 - 28.4, mean 27.7 °C (based on 103 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00391 - 0.01767), b=3.07 (2.90 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.53 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 79.6 [48.9, 162.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.858 [0.433, 1.558] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.8, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.159 [0.082, 0.271] g/100g; Selenium = 44.7 [24.9, 91.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.5 [4.7, 33.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.84, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight);
