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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
экология
морской; солоноватоводный демерсальный; пределы глубины 10 - 50 m (Ref. 9626), usually ? - 25 m (Ref. 9626). Tropical; 14°N - 27°S, 83°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Panama to Santos, Brazil. Also reported in Nicaragua (Ref. 13613).
Size / Вес / Возраст
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.8 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 9626); common length : 35.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 3702); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 2.0 kg (Ref. 5217)
колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 11; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 20 - 24; колючие лучи анального плавника: 2; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 8 - 10. Silvery bluish on back, often with greenish reflections. Whitish on belly. Upper sides sometimes with inconspicuous minute dark dots. Soft portion of dorsal fin and caudal fin edged with black, pelvic and anal fins yellowish. Inside of opercle dark, visible externally. Mouth large, pointed, lower jaw projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-teeth at tip. Chin without barbel or obvious pores. Snout with 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of curved, horn-like anterior appendages. Scales small, all cycloid (smooth). Soft dorsal-fin base with 1 or 2 rows of scales along its base (Ref 51721).
Found over mud and sand bottoms in river estuaries. Occurs up to 50 m but usually less than 25 m (Ref. 9626). Marketed fresh and salted.
Life cycle and mating behavior
половая зрелость | размножение | нерест | икра | Fecundity | личинки
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Угроза для людей
Harmless
Использование человеком
рыболовство: коммерческий; объект спортивного рыболовства: да
дополнительная информация
инструменты
Специальные отчеты
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ресурсы в Интернет
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.8 - 27.9, mean 27.3 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00794 (0.00512 - 0.01231), b=3.07 (2.95 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.40 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref.
120179): средний (среднего размера), минимальное время удвоения популяции 1.4-4.4 года (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 93.2 [57.6, 183.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.965 [0.503, 1.639] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.7, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.195 [0.107, 0.317] g/100g; Selenium = 64.8 [36.2, 121.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.7 [4.4, 26.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.86, 1.67] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
