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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Scomber: Greek, skombros = tunny or mackerel, 1623 (Ref. 45335); japonicus: Named after Japan, its type locality (Ref. 6885).
Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución
Ecología
marino pelagic-neritic; oceanodromo (Ref. 87829); rango de profundidad 0 - 300 m (Ref. 168), usually 50 - 200 m (Ref. 35185). Subtropical; 10°C - 27°C (Ref. 35185); 60°N - 48°S, 116°E - 70°W
Indo-Pacific: anti-tropical, absent from the Indian Ocean except for South Africa, KZN to Western Cape (58304).
Reports from Atlantic incl. Mediterranean are Scomber colias, and from Red Sea and northern Indian Ocean are Scomber australasicus (Ref. 27328).
Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm 26.1  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 64.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 9015); common length : 30.0 cm FL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 168); peso máximo publicado: 2.9 kg (Ref. 26550); edad máxima reportada: 18 años (Ref. 35185)
Espinas dorsales (total) : 9 - 11; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 11 - 12; Espinas anales: 1; Radios blandos anales: 12 - 14; Vértebra: 31. Interpelvic process small and single. No well developed corselet. Swim bladder present. First haemal spine posterior to first interneural process; 12 to 15 interneural bones under first dorsal fin. Anal fin spine conspicuous, clearly separated from anal rays but joined to them by a membrane. Back with narrow stripes which zigzag and undulate. Belly unmarked (Pacific population) or with wavy lines (Atlantic pop.) (Ref. 168). Caudal peduncle with 5 finlets on the upper and lower edge. Distance between dorsal fins shorter than or equal to the first dorsal fin base (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
A coastal pelagic species, to a lesser extent epipelagic to mesopelagic over the continental slope (Ref. 168). Are considered as straddling stock in the eastern central Pacific (Ref. 87829). Schooling by size is well developed and initiates at approximately 3 cm (Ref. 168); may also form schools with Sarda chiliensis, Trachurus symmetricus and Sardinops sagax (Ref. 9340). Adults stay near the bottom during the day; go up to the open water at night, (Ref. 5377) where they feed on copepods and other crustaceans, fishes and squids (Ref. 168). They spawn in batches (Ref. 51846). Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). In Asian waters, they move to deeper water and remain inactive during the winter season (Ref. 4576). Commercially cultured in Japan. Marketed fresh, frozen, smoked, salted and occasionally canned (Ref. 9684). Eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Spawning most often occurs at water temperatures of 15° to 20°C. Spawn in several batches with 250 to 300 eggs per g of fish with the total number of eggs per female ranging from 100,000 to 400,000.
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Amenaza para el ser humano
Harmless
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: muy comercial; Acuicultura: comercial; pesca deportiva: si; carnada: usually
Herramientas
Informes especiales
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Estimaciones basadas en modelos
Temperatura preferida (Referencia
123201): 9.3 - 27.7, mean 20.7 °C (based on 1526 cells).
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00663 - 0.00828), b=3.05 (3.02 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia
69278): 3.4 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.6 (3.1 - 5.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 24
growth studies.
Resiliencia (Referencia
120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (K=0.12-0.22; tm=2-3; tmax=18).
Prior r = 0.35, 95% CL = 0.23 - 0.53, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
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Vulnerabilidad climática (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
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Nutrientes (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 48.8 [16.2, 118.3] mg/100g; Iron = 2.18 [0.83, 5.26] mg/100g; Protein = 20.9 [19.8, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.358 [0.247, 0.525] g/100g; Selenium = 98.1 [37.9, 229.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.7 [3.5, 60.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.846 [0.514, 1.358] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.