分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays)
鰩目 (Stingrays) >
Dasyatidae (Stingrays)
土魟科 (Stingrays) > Urogymninae
Etymology: Urogymnus: Greek, oura = tail + Greek, gymnos = naked (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 25°N - 20°S
Asia and Oceania: Mekong and Chao Phraya basins; also from eastern Borneo, New Guinea and northern Australia.
亞洲與大洋洲: 湄公河與湄南河流域; 也從婆羅洲東部，新幾內亞與澳洲北部。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 110 - ? cm
Max length : 240 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27732); 最大體重: 600.0 kg (Ref. 6871)
背棘 (總數) : 0. Absence of ventral and dorsal skin folds on the tail, and the broad greyish to blackish marginal band on the ventral surface of the disc. The dorsal surface of the disc is brown (Ref. 27732). Spiral valve with 21 turns; dorsal surface with uniform brown or grey coloration (Ref. 12693). Lacking caudal fin; with long whip-like tail (Ref. 43281).
沒有腹而背部的皮膚在體盤的腹面上的尾部 , 與寬的灰色到黑色的邊緣條紋上摺疊。 體盤的背部表面是褐色。 (參考文獻 27732) 具有 21個旋轉的螺旋形的瓣膜; 背面有全褐色的或灰色的顏色.(參考文獻 12693) 缺乏尾鰭; 有長的鞭狀尾部。 (參考文獻 43281)
Inhabits sandy bottoms in estuaries and large rivers (Ref. 12693). Feeds on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 12693) and fishes (Ref. 32457). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Caught occasionally by demersal gillnet and longline fisheries operating in riverine and estuarine areas. Utilized for its meat and possibly its cartilage (Ref.58048). Marketed fresh, with large individuals being sold in cut pieces by the kilogram (Ref. 12693). Size reaches to about 500 cm TL. Threatened due to over harvesting and pollution (Ref. 58490).
在河口與大河中棲息於砂質底部。 (參考文獻 12693) 吃底棲的無脊椎動物 (參考文獻 12693) 與魚。 (參考文獻 32457) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 在市場上銷售生鮮地., 有大的被賣切成一公斤的肉片的個體.(參考文獻 12693) 大小達到大約 500 公分TL 。 受威脅的捕穫之上由於與污染.(參考文獻 58490)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Young are born at about 30 cm disc width (Ref. 6871).亞洲與大洋洲: 湄公河與湄南河流域; 也從婆羅洲東部，新幾內亞與澳洲北部。
Rainboth, W.J., 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. FAO, Rome, 265 p. (Ref. 12693)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 25 January 2021
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 實驗的; 水族館: 潛在的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00486 - 0.02155), b=3.06 (2.87 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Assuming Fec<10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
