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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Bairdiella: From Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823-1887) American naturalist and vertebrate zoologist leading authority in birds and mammals (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة القاع; نطاق العمق 16 - 40 m (Ref. 3702). Tropical; 23°N - 29°S, 97°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Caribbean Sea southward to Brazil.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 15.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3702); common length : 25.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 3702)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 11; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 21 - 26; شوكة شرجية: 2; أشعه شرجية لينه: 7 - 9. Colour greyish above, silvery below. Faint dark streaks on sides, oblique above, longitudinal below lateral line. Dorsal and caudal fins greyish with dark margin, anterior part of anal fin speckled. Mouth subterminal and oblique. Chin without barbel but with 5 pores. Preopercle serrated with few strong pines at angle. Second anal-fin spine very strong, as long as first soft ray. Gas bladder with 2 chambers, the anterior one yoke-shaped without appendages, the posterior one simple, carrot-shaped. Lapillus (small earstone) enlarged, more than half of sagitta (large earstone) (Ref 51721).
Found in coastal waters, over muddy and sandy bottoms. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Important food fish.
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 28, mean 27.4 °C (based on 72 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00708 - 0.01071), b=3.10 (3.04 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Fec = 188,964).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 168 [99, 321] mg/100g; Iron = 1.12 [0.60, 1.93] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.0, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.235 [0.126, 0.390] g/100g; Selenium = 46.5 [25.7, 87.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.5 [7.8, 52.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.39 [1.02, 1.97] mg/100g (wet weight);
