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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Sarda: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
البيئة: الوسط / المنطقة المناخية / نطاق العمق / نطاق التوزيع
البيئة
بحري; مياه مخلوطة pelagic-neritic; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 80 - 200 m (Ref. 5377). Subtropical; 12°C - 27°C (Ref. 168); 62°N - 40°S, 98°W - 42°E (Ref. 54865)
Eastern Atlantic: Oslo, Norway to Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Also known from the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada to Florida, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico; then from Colombia, Venezuela, and south of the Amazon River to northern Argentina; apparently absent from most of the Caribbean Sea.
الطول عند النضج الأول / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 37.8, range 41 - ? cm
Max length : 91.4 cm FL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 168); common length : 50.0 cm FL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 168); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 11.0 kg (Ref. 40637); العمر: 5 سنين (Ref. 29114)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 20 - 23; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 15 - 18; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 14 - 17; فقرات: 50 - 55. Mouth moderately large. Laminae of olfactory rosette 21-39. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Body completely covered with very small scales posterior to the corselet. Swim bladder absent. Spleen large. Liver with elongate left and right lobe and short middle lobe. Oblique dorsal stripes with a greater angle than in other species of Sarda.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Epipelagic, neritic and schooling species that may enter estuaries. Known to be cannibalistic, adults prey on small schooling fishes, invertebrates like squid and shrimps and can swallow relatively large prey. Eggs and larvae pelagic (Ref. 6769). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked, canned and frozen (Ref. 9987). Able to adapt to different temperatures 12° to 27°C and salinities 14 to 39 (Ref. 36731).
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
حالة القائمة الحمراء للاتحاد الدولي لحفظ الطبيعة والموارد الطبيعية (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر للأنسان
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية; لعبة سمكه: نعم
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
تنزيل XML
مصادر علي الأنترنت
تقديرات تستند إلى النماذج
درجة الحرارة المفضلة (مرجع
123201): 7 - 23.4, mean 10.7 °C (based on 346 cells).
مؤشر التنوع الشُعبي الوراثي (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00764 - 0.00993), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.5 (1.4 - 3.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 14
growth studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.46; tm>1; tmax=5).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 9 data-limited stock assessments.
ضعف الصيد (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
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قابلية التأثر بالمناخ (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
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المغذيات (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 48.6 [29.8, 70.5] mg/100g; Iron = 3.05 [1.93, 4.90] mg/100g; Protein = 21.2 [20.2, 22.1] %; Omega3 = 0.438 [0.198, 0.939] g/100g; Selenium = 34.7 [24.6, 48.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.6 [3.1, 34.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.505 [0.409, 0.700] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.