Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 1 - 54 m (Ref. 9710). Subtropical; 38°N - 27°S, 99°W - 35°W (Ref. 189)
Western Atlantic: New York south to Miami (rare on the Gulf coast of Florida), Bermuda, Antilles, Trinidad and south to Brazil; also Venezuela to Panama, Yucatan and to northern Gulf of Mexico.
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 12.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 5217); common length : 9.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 5217)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 14 - 16; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 21 - 23. Snout long and pointed, only slightly less than eye diameter; maxilla long, tip pointed, reaching almost to gill opening; gill cover canals of panamensis-type; pseudobranch longer than eye diameter, with 30 or more filaments, extending onto inner face of operculum. Pectoral fin with first ray not filamentous. Silver stripe along flank about equal to eye diameter, with dark line above it (Ref. 189). Melanophores evenly distributed, usually not forming a middorsal stripe. Iridescent golden spot on top of head (Ref. 7251).
A schooling species occurring in coastal waters. Feeds on plankton.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: निर्वाह मात्स्यिकी; ठहराव / प्रलोभन: usually
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 28, mean 24.9 °C (based on 414 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00309 - 0.00776), b=3.13 (3.00 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.4 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 83.4 [39.7, 204.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.47, 2.06] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [15.7, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.27 [0.13, 0.57] g/100g; Selenium = 16.2 [6.8, 43.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 60.6 [16.0, 222.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.11 [0.67, 1.83] mg/100g (wet weight);
