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Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Pseudupeneus: Greek, pseudes = false + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 90 m (Ref. 9626), usually 0 - 35 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 40°N - 30°S, 98°W - 28°W
Western Atlantic: Bermuda and New Jersey, USA to Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ref. 57756), including the Gulf of Mexico and throughout the Caribbean Sea (Ref. 9626).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 18.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 7251); common length : 22.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3792)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8 - 9; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8. A series of three large blackish blotches on upper side of body beneath dorsal fins; color variable but usually pale, the scales of the back with reddish or yellowish brown edges and a central pale blue spot; diagonal light blue lines on head. Capable of displaying a pattern of large red blotches on head and body in less than a minute (Ref. 13442).
Inhabits shallow waters to depths of 90 m (Ref. 9626), especially over sand and rock bottoms in reef areas. Young juveniles often found on beds of seagrass, e.g. Thalassia. Feeds on small invertebrates (Ref. 9626). Flesh highly esteemed; marketed fresh and frozen (Ref. 3792). Traded as an aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
Spawnng may either be in pairs or in small groups (Ref. 240).
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Akuarium: Komersial
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.8 - 28, mean 26.4 °C (based on 680 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00943 - 0.01218), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (K=0.3-0.7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 31.8 [14.4, 70.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.495 [0.234, 0.896] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.5, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.259 [0.147, 0.488] g/100g; Selenium = 15 [7, 29] μg/100g; VitaminA = 72.6 [22.5, 282.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.77 [0.47, 1.18] mg/100g (wet weight);
