分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 降海洄游 (Ref. 46888); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 3791). 亞熱帶的; 32°N - 51°S
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (USA), Bahamas, and throughout the Caribbean Sea to Argentina.
西大西洋: 百慕達群島，佛羅里達 (美國) ，巴哈馬, 與在加勒比海到阿根廷各處。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 35.0, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 69.0 cm TL (female); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大体重: 9.0 kg (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (总数) : 5; 背的软条 (总数) : 8; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8.
Inhabit coastal marine waters and brackish estuaries (Ref. 3791); also found in hyper-saline lagoons and may enter freshwater (Ref. 5217). Never far from the sea (Ref. 3791). Form sizeable schools (Ref. 3791). Appear to undergo trophic migrations along the coasts (Ref. 35237). Feed on organic detritus and filamentous algae (Ref. 9626). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Spawn several million eggs (Ref. 35237) at sea (Ref. 3791). Also caught with beach nets (Ref. 5217). Marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 5217). The roe is marketed salt-pickled and dried and considered a delicacy (Ref. 5217).
栖息于海洋沿岸水域与半咸淡水河口;(参考文献 3791) 也发现于高盐度的泻湖而且可能进入淡水.(参考文献 5217) 从不远离海洋。 (参考文献 3791) 形成大大小小的鱼群。 (参考文献 3791) 似乎历经觅食回游沿着海岸.(参考文献 35237) 吃有机的碎屑与菌丝藻。 (参考文献 9626) 在海上产卵数百万卵 (参考文献 35237) 。 (参考文献 3791) 也用海滩网捕获。 (参考文献 5217) 在市场上销售生鲜地了与盐腌的.(参考文献 5217) 鱼白被在市场上销售盐渍的而且乾制了而且被认为是一个佳肴.(参考文献 5217)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 百慕達群島，佛羅里達 (美國) ，巴哈馬, 與在加勒比海到阿根廷各處。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.5 - 27.7, mean 25.5 °C (based on 280 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00905 - 0.01211), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.11-0.24; assuming tm=2-3).
Prior r = 0.33, 95% CL = 0.22 - 0.50, Based on 7 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 152 [57, 453] mg/100g; Iron = 2.51 [0.46, 11.24] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [18.3, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.464 [0.221, 1.025] g/100g; Selenium = 60.8 [21.7, 208.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.03 [1.72, 21.87] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.73 [0.83, 4.23] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
