Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθοπελαγικό; εύρος βάθους 0 - 100 m (Ref. 114953). Subtropical; 28°N - 12°N, 33°E - 68°E (Ref. 114953)
Western Indian Ocean; Persian Gulf, and Arabian and Red Seas.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm ?, range 83 - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm WD αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 8630)
A benthic species often found in very shallow water near the coast and offshore on the continental shelf (Ref. 9909, Ref.114953). Feed on small mollusks and bony fishes (Ref. 12951). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Produces up to 10 pups a litter, mainly from May to October (in the Red Sea region) (Ref. 114953). Size at least 171 cm TL. Males matures at ca. 83 cm TL, birth size at ca. 29 cm TL (Ref.114953). Utilized where it occurs but information lacking (Ref. 9909).
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία:
Εργαλεία
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29.1, mean 27.9 °C (based on 1002 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00141 - 0.01074), b=3.05 (2.82 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
