分類 / Names
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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Gymnosarda: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, sarde = sardine; 1598 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Rüppell.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海 関連する礁; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 0 - 250 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 20°C - 28°C (Ref. 5313); 31°N - 30°S, 32°E - 130°W (Ref. 168)
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to French Polynesia, north to Japan, south to Australia.
サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 248 cm FL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 40637); common length : 190 cm NG オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 9710); 最大公表体重: 131.0 kg (Ref. 168)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 13 - 15; 背鰭 (合計) : 12 - 14; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 12 - 13; 脊つい: 38. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate and moderately compressed; mouth fairly large, upper jaw reaching to middle of eye; 14 to 31 large, conical teeth on upper jaw, 10 to 24 on lower jaw; 2 patches of villiform teeth on upper surface of tongue; total gill rakers on first gill arch 11-14; D1 XIII-XV, its border almost straight, the second followed by 6-7 finlets, dorsal fins close together; anal fin followed by 6 finlets; pectoral fins with 25-28 rays; interpelvic process large and single; lateral line strongly undulating; body naked posterior to corselet except for lateral line, dorsal-fin base, and caudal keel; caudal peduncle slender, with a well-developed lateral keel between 2 smaller keels on each side. Colour of back and upper sides brilliant blue-black, lower sides and belly silvery; no lines, spots or other markings on body; anterior tip of first dorsal fin dark; other fins greyish (Ref. 9684).
An offshore species found mainly around coral reefs. Generally solitary or occur in small schools of six or less. Preys on small schooling fishes such as Decapterus, Caesio, Nasio, Cirrhilabrus, Pterocaesio and squids. Caught mainly by pole-and-line. Marketed canned and frozen (Ref. 9684, 48637). Adults may be ciguatoxic (Ref. 37816). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人間に対する脅威
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 168)
Human uses
水産業: 少数商業の; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.9 - 28.2, mean 26.5 °C (based on 938 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01072 (0.00643 - 0.01784), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.75 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Assuming tmax>10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (92 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.6 [6.8, 20.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.539 [0.311, 0.982] mg/100g; Protein = 21.8 [20.2, 23.1] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.084, 0.225] g/100g; Selenium = 69.1 [38.3, 127.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 51.6 [19.1, 151.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.543 [0.384, 0.760] mg/100g (wet weight);
