Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin récifal; profondeur 0 - 5 m (Ref. 3723), usually 0 - 2 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 43°N - 13°S
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil, including the Caribbean Sea (Ref. 3723); absent in Bermuda. Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde and Dakar, Senegal to Luanda, Angola (Ref. 4497).
Longueur à la première maturité / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm 19.3  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 2683); common length : 35.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3633); poids max. publié: 208.00 g (Ref. 132328); poids max. publié: 208.00 g
Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 13 - 14; Rayons mous anaux: 12 - 13. No ridge between nostril and eye (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated.
An inshore, surface-dwelling species forming sizeable schools (Ref. 3723). Feeds mainly on sea grasses and small fishes (Ref. 3723). Mainly used as bait for offshore game fishes such as sailfishes and marlins; utilized as a food fish in the West Indies (Ref. 3723).
Cycle de vie et comportement reproducteur
Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Menace pour l'homme
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur; appât: usually
Outils
Articles particuliers
Télécharger en XML
Sources Internet
Estimations basées sur des modèles
Température préférée (Réf.
123201): 20.5 - 28.1, mean 27.3 °C (based on 858 cells).
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00324 (0.00248 - 0.00423), b=3.07 (3.01 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Réf.
69278): 2.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Résilience (Réf.
120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (K=0.58 questionable; assuming tmax>3).
Prior r = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.69, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (27 of 100).
🛈
Vulnérabilité climatique (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
🛈
Nutriments (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 62.8 [19.5, 142.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.681 [0.267, 1.717] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [15.6, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.053, 0.389] g/100g; Selenium = 14.2 [5.6, 39.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 31.6 [6.7, 165.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.985 [0.565, 1.712] mg/100g (wet weight);