分類 / Names
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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Grammatorcynus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, rhyngchos = snout.
More on author: Rüppell.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海 関連する礁; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 15 - 50 m (Ref. 86942). Subtropical; 31°N - 25°S, 32°E - 175°W (Ref. 168)
Indian Ocean: Red Sea eastward to the Andaman Sea. Western Pacific: Ryukyu Islands to the northern coasts of Australia, including the Marshall Islands and Fiji. Often confused in the literature with Grammatorcynus bicarinatus.
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 41.5, range 40 - 43 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm FL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 9684); common length : 50.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 5450); 最大公表体重: 3.5 kg (Ref. 168)
背面の脊椎 (合計) : 11 - 13; 背鰭 (合計) : 10 - 14; 肛門の骨: 0; 臀鰭: 10 - 14. Mouth relatively small, upper jaw reaching about to middle of eye. Pectoral fins stout. Interpelvic process short and single. No prominent anterior corselet present. Swim bladder present. Vertebrae 14 precaudal plus 17 caudal, total 31 as in mackerel (Scomber and Rastrelliger).
Inhabits open water but often seen swimming near outer reef walls or deep clear-water slopes (Ref. 48637). Found mostly in shallow reef waters where it forms large schools. Feeds on crustaceans and fishes, particularly clupeoids (Sardinella, Thrissocles), and other fishes such as Sphyraena and Balistes. Marketed canned and frozen (Ref. 9684). Its flesh is mild and pleasantly flavored, but brushed with lemon juice prior to cooking to remove the ammonia-like smell (Ref. 9684).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 幼生
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
Human uses
水産業: 少数商業の; ゲームフィッシュ: はい
用具
特記事項
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 632 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00464 - 0.01966), b=3.05 (2.88 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.69 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15 [8, 33] mg/100g; Iron = 0.698 [0.368, 1.368] mg/100g; Protein = 22.3 [20.9, 23.7] %; Omega3 = 0.204 [0.117, 0.367] g/100g; Selenium = 18.2 [9.1, 38.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 47.6 [16.1, 154.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.491 [0.327, 0.753] mg/100g (wet weight);
