分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Beloniformes (Needle fishes)
頜針魚目 (Needle fishes) >
Exocoetidae (Flyingfishes)
飛魚科 (Flyingfishes)
Etymology: Hirundichthys: latin, hirundo = swift; 1300 + Greek, ichthys = fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 1 m (Ref. 122940). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 34°S
Subtropical waters of all oceans. Eastern Atlantic: occasional to Spain and English Channel, western Mediterranean (a separate population migrates to the southeastern part in winter), Portugal to Mauritania and from south of Namibia; also off the Cape, South Africa (Ref. 2797). Possibly in Ascension I. (Ref. 98447). Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and Bermuda to southern Brazil (Ref. 7251). Northwest Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951).
所有海洋的亞熱帶水域。 東大西洋: 偶然的到西班牙與英倫海峽，地中海西部 (一個個別的族群迴游到東南方的部份冬天時), 葡萄牙到茅利塔尼亞與從那米比亞南方; 也外海的南非開普省.(參考文獻 2797) 西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島到巴西南部.(參考文獻 7251) 西北大西洋: 加拿大.(參考文獻 5951)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3397)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 10 - 12; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 13; 脊椎骨: 45 - 47. This species is distinguished by the following characters: elongated body is nearly rectangular in cross-section, almost flat ventrally, its depth 6.2 to 7.9 times in standard length (SL); 45-47 vertebrae; 25-30 predorsal scales; scales in transverse row 6 to 7.5, usually 6.5; the head 4.2-5.2 times in SL: eye 3.1-3.3 times in head; subequal jaws; jaw teeth conspicuous, conical; no palatine teeth; gill rakers on first arch 25-31; dorsal fin low, with 10-12 rays; anal fin with 10-13 rays, originating slightly before, or 1-2 rays behind dorsal-fin origin; pectoral fins 1.3-1.4 times in SL and with 16-18 rays, first 2 rays unbranched; pelvic fins 2.8-3.4 times in SL, inserted slightly nearer to posterior margin of opercle than origin of caudal fin base: juveniles without barbel (Ref. 109257). Colour of body dark, iridescent blue above, silvery white below; dorsal and caudal fins greyish, other fins hyaline (Ref. 2797); pectoral fins black without unpigmented cross-band and with a narrow light outer margin; pelvic fins usually without black spot (Ref. 109257); juveniles elongate, paired fins black (Ref. 2797).
身體黑的﹐上半部有藍色虹彩﹐和下面銀白色的; 背鰭與尾鰭鰭略灰色又其他的鰭透明的.(參考文獻 2797) 稚魚延長, 偶鰭黑色.(參考文獻 2797)
Inhabits oceanic surface waters. Capable of leaping out of the water and gliding for considerable distances above the surface (Ref. 3720). Feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 109257). Eggs with bunch of filaments opposed by a single filament on opposite pole (Ref. 6523). Reported to have no importance to fisheries (Ref. 109257). Depth assumed from ecology data.
棲息於海洋表面水域。 能夠從水中跳出來而且在水面上滑行相當的距離。 (參考文獻 3720) 卵有在相反的桿上被一個絲狀突起反對的成串的絲狀突起。 (參考文獻 6523)
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | 繁殖 | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | 仔魚
所有海洋的亞熱帶水域。 東大西洋: 偶然的到西班牙與英倫海峽，地中海西部 (一個個別的族群迴游到東南方的部份冬天時), 葡萄牙到茅利塔尼亞與從那米比亞南方; 也外海的南非開普省.(參考文獻 2797) 西大西洋: 美國麻薩諸塞州與百慕達群島到巴西南部.(參考文獻 7251) 西北大西洋: 加拿大.(參考文獻 5951)
Carpenter, K.E. and N. De Angelis (eds.), 2016. The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 1 (Elopiformes to Scorpaeniformes). FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes, Rome, FAO. pp. 1511-2350. (Ref. 109257)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 15.2 - 27.8, mean 24.5 °C (based on 1598 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00646 (0.00292 - 0.01429), b=3.04 (2.84 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.0 ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 330 [106, 676] mg/100g; Iron = 2.03 [0.91, 4.71] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [16, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.254 [0.100, 0.741] g/100g; Selenium = 11.3 [4.2, 31.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.8 [4.8, 87.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.01 [0.62, 1.68] mg/100g (wet weight);
